isiZulu
Yisiphi Isifunda Esikhiqiza Amamojuli Ekhamera Aqine Kakhulu?
Kwadalwa ngo 01.20
Lapho uhlola ukuzinza kwamamojula ekhamera, umbuzo othi “isiphi isifunda esingcono kakhulu” akuvamile ukuba nempendulo eyodwa efanele konke. Ukuzinza uqobo kuyisilinganiso esincikene nomongo—okubalulekile ekhamera ye-smartphone (ukubekezelela ukugqokwa kwansuku zonke ephaketheni) kuhlukile kakhulu nekhamera eliloliwe lomayini (ukubekezelela udaka olune-acid kanye nokuwashwa ngomfutho we-1500 psi) noma imojula yezimoto (ukubekezelela ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa kusuka ku--40℃ kuya ku-+85℃). Umhlaba wonke imojula yekhameraimakethe, enenani elingu-$50.2 million ngo-2025 futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ku-$135.02 million ngo-2035 nge-10.4% CAGR, ibuswa yizikhungo zendawo ezikhethekile ekuphumeleleni izidingo ezihlukile zokuhlala. Esikhundleni sokukhuluma ngendawo eyodwa ethi “eyodwa enezinga eliphezulu lokuhlala,” le ndatshana ihlola ukuthi ubuholi bezobuchwepheshe baseMpumalanga Asia, umnotho ophumayo wezokukhiqiza eNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia, kanye nezinto ezintsha ezikhethekile ezikhungweni zomhlaba jikelele zichaza kanjani izindinganiso zokuhlala ezihlukene zokusetshenziswa.
I-Metric Eyisisekelo: Yini Echaza “I-Module yeKhamera Ehlala Kakhulu”?
Ngaphambi kokuhlela amandla esifunda, kufanele sicacise izimiso zokuqina, njengoba zihluka kakhulu ngohlelo lokusebenza:
- Ukumelana nemvelo: Ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu (kuhlolwa ngezindinganiso ze-JIS C60068-2-14 thermal shock), umswakama, umusi kasawoti (ukuhlolwa komusi kasawoti we-ASTM B117), kanye nomthelela womzimba.
- Ukuqina komshini: Ukusebenza okuzinzile ngaphezu kwamahora ezinkulungwane zokusebenza, nokwehla okuncane kwezinzwa, amalensi, noma izixhumanisi ezidwelisiwe.
- Ukwethembeka kwezingxenye: Ikhwalithi yezingxenye eziyinhloko (izinzinzwa zesithombe, izindlela ze-autofocus) kanye nokunemba komhlangano, okuvimbela ukwehluleka ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ngokwesibonelo, imodyuli yefoni ehlakaniphile yabathengi ingase idinge kuphela ukudlula ukuhlolwa kwe-thermal shock ye-JIS C60068-2-14's C3 (-25℃ kuye ku-+70℃, imijikelezo emi-5), kuyilapho imodyuli ye-automotive surround-view ifuna izinga eliqinile le-C5 (-40℃ kuye ku-+85℃, imijikelezo eyi-10). Imodyuli yezimboni ezimayini zidinga amahora angama-500+ okumelana nomusi kasawoti ukuze kugwenywe ukwehluleka okubangelwa ukugqwala okubiza u-$18,000 ngehora ngenxa yokumiswa. Lezi zidingo ezihlukene ziye zahlanganisa izimboni ezikhethekile zesifunda.
East Asia: I-Epicenter Yomhlaba Ye-High-Durability Camera Modules
East Asia—ebandakanya iJapane, iNingizimu Korea, kanye neChina—ibamba ngaphezu kuka-75% wamandla okukhiqiza ama-module ekhamera emhlabeni, kanti isifunda se-Asia-Pacific sithwele kuphela u-47% wesabelo semakethe. Le mpumelelo ivela ekuhlanganiseni okuqondile, ucwaningo oluthuthukile, kanye neminyaka yokuthuthukisa izinqubo zokukhiqiza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhlala okuphezulu. Ake sihlukanise amandla ahlukile ezwe ngalinye:
Japan: Ubuchwepheshe Bokunemba Bokuphila Okubalulekile
I-Japan ihambisana nezingxenye ezinokwethenjelwa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni zezinzwa nezokukhanya—umgogodla wamamojula ekhamera aqinile. I-Sony, umholi womhlaba wonke kuzinzwa zesithombe, ikhiqiza izinzwa zayo ezithuthukile kakhulu esikhungweni sayo saseKumamoto, esihlinzeka ngama-iPhone e-Apple kanye nezinhlelo zezimoto ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Okuhlukanisa ukukhiqiza kwaseJapan ukugxila kwayo kusayensi yezinto kanye nokulawula ikhwalithi: - Ukuqina kwezinzwa: Izinzwa ze-CMOS ze-Sony ezikhanyiselwe ngemuva zisebenzisa izindlela zokupakisha ezizimele ukumelana nomswakama kanye nokuphazamiseka kukagesi, okubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwesikhathi eside ezindaweni ezinzima. - Ukuhlolwa okubeka amazinga: Izinga le-JIS C60068-2-14 laseJapan liyisilinganiso somhlaba wonke sokumelana nokushaqeka okushisayo, lisetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa amamojula ezimoto nezimboni. Abakhiqizi baseJapan bavame ukudlula la mazinga, ngamamojula ezimoto athile abekezelela imijikelezo engu-20+ yokushaqeka kusuka ku--40℃ kuye ku-+85℃ ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukusebenza. Amamojula aseJapan aphumelela ezinhlelweni lapho ukwehluleka kubi kakhulu, njengezinhlelo zokubona izithombe zezokwelapha nezasekhala. Ngenkathi ivolumu yokukhiqiza yaseJapan ingaphansi kuneChina, ukugxila kwayo ekuqineni okubalulekile kuyenza ingashintshwa ezimbonini ezidinga ukwethembeka okuphezulu.
South Korea: Ukunemba Okukhulu Kokuphila Kwabathengi Nokuqhuba Kwezimoto
I-South Korea, ehola i-Samsung ne-LG Innotek, ihlanganisa ukukhiqiza okukhulu nobunjiniyela obunembayo, igxile kumamojuli aqinile amafoni ahlakaniphile nezinhlelo zezimoto. Isitshalo se-LG Innotek sasePocheon e-South Korea siyisikhungo samamojuli aphezulu ezimoto kanye namafoni ahlakaniphile, sisebenzisa imigqa yokuhlanganisa ezenzakalelayo ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi engaguquki. Amandla abalulekile afaka:- Ukugxila ezimotweni: Amamojuli aseNingizimu Korea aphambili emakethe yemishini yekhamera yezimoto emhlabeni wonke, emelana nokuhlolwa kwezimo ezinzima kakhulu zemboni. Amamojuli ezimoto e-LG Innotek agcina ukuzinza kokudluliswa kwesiginali okungu-97% ngemuva kokuhlolwa kokushaqeka okushisayo kwezinga le-C4 (-40℃ kuye ku-+85℃, imijikelezo emi-5).- Ukuhlanganiswa okuqondile: Uhlelo lwe-Samsung luhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwezinzwa, ukukhiqizwa kwamalensi, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwamamojuli, okuvumela ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile kuyo yonke imboni yokuhlinzeka. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kubalulekile ukuqina, njengoba izingxenye ezingafani zivame ukubangela ukwehluleka ngaphambi kwesikhathi.Isu le-South Korea futhi lihlanganisa ukunweba eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia (isibonelo, ifektri ye-LG Innotek yaseVietnam) yamamojuli ajwayelekile anomthamo omkhulu, ancintisanayo ngezindleko, kuyilapho igcina ukukhiqizwa okuqinile eNingizimu Korea.
I-China: Ukuqina Okwenziwe Ngokwezifiso Ezimakethe Zezimboni Nezabathengi
I-China iyona ekhiqiza kakhulu izinto zekhamera emhlabeni, kanti isifundazwe saseGuangdong (iShenzhen, iDongguan) siyisikhungo sayo sezimboni. Abakhiqizi baseShayina njengeSunny Optical neOFilm bazakhele idumela lokukhiqiza okuguquguqukayo, okungabizi kakhulu—ngokugxila kakhulu ekuqinekeni kwezinto ezisetshenziswa ezimbonini nasezimoto. Izinzuzo ezibalulekile zihlanganisa:- Ukusebenza kahle kwezinto zokukhiqiza: Izinto eziningi ezisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni nezakhiwo zitholakala ngaphakathi kwamakhilomitha angu-50 ukusuka ezindaweni zezimboni zaseGuangdong, okuvumela ukwenziwa kwezinto ezisheshayo nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi. Lokhu kusebenza kahle kusekela izixazululo ezikhethekile zokuqina, njengezinto ezisetshenziswa emishinini yokumba yaseShayina ezimelana nokugqwala okubangelwa yizidakamizwa.- Ukuqanjwa kwezinto okushukunyiswa yimigomo: Izibonelelo zikahulumeni waseShayina zokukhiqiza izinto ezihlakaniphile ziye zasiza izinkampani zasekhaya ukuthi zikhuphule amazinga okukhiqiza izinto eziphakeme kakhulu afinyelele ngaphezu kuka-85%, kunciphisa umehluko nabancintisana nabo baseJapane naseNingizimu Korea.- Ukugxila ezimbonini: Abakhiqizi baseShayina bayakwazi kakhulu ukukhiqiza izinto ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni zezimboni ezinzima. Ngokwesibonelo, izinkampani eziseShenzhen zinikeza izinto ezakhiwe ngensimbi engagqwali engu-316L nezingubo ze-nano-ceramic, eziphumelele izivivinyo zamahora angu-500 zosawoti. Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwezinto eziphakeme zaseShayina kukhule ngo-18% ngo-2025, kushu kudingeka kwezixazululo zezimboni nezimoto. Ngenkathi izinto zabathengi zingase zibeke izindleko ngaphezu kokuqina okwedlulele, izinto zaseShayina ezihloselwe izimboni manje sezincintisana nabaholi bomhlaba ngokuthembeka.
I-Southeast Asia: Isikhungo Esivelayo Sokuzinza Okungabizi Kakhulu, Okumodarethi
INingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia—ikakhulukazi iVietnam—iyanda ngokushesha njengesikhungo sokukhiqiza amamojula ekhamera, eshukumiswa izitayela zesifunda nezinzuzo zezindleko. Ifektri entsha ye-LG Innotek i-V3 e-Hai Phong, eVietnam, iphindwe kabili amandla omhlaba wonke enkampani, ngohlelo lokukhiqiza amaphesenti angu-70-80 amamojula ayo lapho kungakapheli iminyaka engu-2-3. Nokho, indima yeNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia ihlukile kweyeMpumalanga ye-Asia: - Ukugxila kumamojula ajwayelekile: Amasayithi akwaVietnam akhiqiza ikakhulukazi amamojula ezimoto zabathengi naphakathi, lapho izidingo zokuqina zingekho nzima kakhulu (isibonelo, ukudlula izivivinyo zokushaqeka kokushisa ze-C3). Ukukhiqizwa okuqine kakhulu kuhlala eNingizimu Korea naseJapane. - Izinzuzo zezindleko nenqubomgomo: Izindleko zabasebenzi eziphansi nezinqubomgomo zohwebo ezithandayo zenza iNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia ibe nomthelela ekukhiqizeni okukhulu. Izinkampani ezifana ne-FPT Camera (Vietnam) ziphinde zigcizelele ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuthuthukisiwe kwamamojula "enziwe eVietnam", ngokumelana namanzi nothuli kwe-IP67 kumakhamera okuphepha. INingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia ayikabi umholi ekuqineni okwedlulele, kodwa ukuhlanganiswa kwayo ezintanjeni zokuhlinzekwa komhlaba wonke (isibonelo, ukuhlinzeka ngamamojula ku-Samsung naku-Apple) kuyenza ibe ngumdlali obalulekile ezicelo ezibucayi ngezindleko, ezidinga ukuqina okumaphakathi.
Abadlali Abancane: Indima YaseYurophu NaseNyakatho Melika Ekuzinzeni Okukhethekile
Ngenkathi iMpumalanga neNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia ibusa ukukhiqizwa kwevolumu, iYurophu neNyakatho Melika zigxila ezinhlelweni ezikhethekile, ezinokuhlala isikhathi eside:
- **Yurophu:** Izinkampani zaseJalimane nezeFrance zigxila kumamojuli ezimoto nezimboni, zigxile ekuthobeleni imithetho eqinile ye-EU (isibonelo, izintela zekhabhoni namazinga obumfihlo). Abakhiqizi baseYurophu babeka phambili ukuqina kumikhiqizo yemoto esezingeni eliphezulu (isibonelo, i-BMW, i-Mercedes-Benz) nezinhlelo zokuzenzakalela zezimboni.
- **Nyakatho Melika:** Izinkampani zase-U.S. njenge-OmniVision zakhiqiza izinzwa ezinokwethenjwa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zezindiza nezokuvikela, lapho izidingo zokuqina zidlula amazinga ezohwebo. Kodwa-ke, iningi lokuhlanganiswa kwamamojuli liyathunyelwa eMpumalanga ye-Asia, okwenza iNyakatho Melika ibe umholi wezingxenye kunokuba ibe yindawo yokukhiqiza amamojuli.
Ungakhetha Kanjani Isifunda Esifanele Izidingo Zakho Zokuzinza
Isifunda esithi “esiqine kakhulu” sincike ngokuphelele kuhlelo lwakho. Nansi imihlahlandlela esebenzayo:
1. Izicelo ezibalulekile (ezokundiza emoyeni, ezokwelapha, ezimoto eziphezulu): Khetha iJapan noma iNingizimu Korea ngobunjiniyela bazo obunembayo nokulawula ikhwalithi okuqinile. Izinzwa ze-Sony nama-module ezimoto ze-LG Innotek yizona ezibekwe njengesibonelo embonini.
2. Izindawo ezimbi ezimbonini (ezokumba izimayela, ezokwakha, ukuqapha izindawo ezisogwini): I-China inikeza izixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ngezinto ezimelana nokugqwala kanye nezinzuzo zezindleko. Bheka ama-module ahloliwe ngokwezindinganiso ze-ASTM B117 salt fog kanye ne-JIS C60068-2-14 C5 grade.
3. Izimoto zabathengi kanye neziphakathi nendawo: I-Ningizimu Korea (ezokuzijabulisa eziphezulu) noma iNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia (ezonga kakhulu) kulungile. Ifektri ye-LG Innotek yaseVietnam ikhiqiza ama-module athembekile ajwayelekile, kanti ama-module e-Samsung alinganisa ukuqina nokusebenza kwama-smartphone.
4. Izimakethe zaseYurophu ezidinga ukuthobela imithetho: Hlanganyela nabakhiqizi baseYurophu noma izinkampani zase-East Asia ezinokuqinisekiswa kwe-EU ukuze uhlangabezane nemithetho ye-carbon kanye nobumfihlo.
Ikusasa Lokuzinza: Ukubambisana Kwezifunda Nokusungula Izinto Ezintsha
Imakethe yomhlaba wonke yamamojula ekhamera iyaguqukela "kuma-regionalization + vertical integration," lapho ama-60% ezinkampani eziphezulu zisebenzisa ukuthenga okubili ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwezinto zokuhlinzekwa. Lo mkhuba ukhuthaza ukubambisana: izinzwa zaseJapane ezihlanganiswe nezindlu zezimboni zaseShayina, noma ukuhlanganiswa kweNingizimu Korea nokukhiqizwa kweVietnam ngobuningi. Izinto ezintsha ezifana nama-phase-change thermal buffer gels (ezingeni lokushisa elidlulele) namabhodi wesifunda agcotshwe ngegazi (ukuze kuvinjelwe ukugqwala) zicisha imingcele yesifunda, lapho ukuqina kuthathwa njengomzamo womhlaba wonke. Izinto ezivelayo ezifana nokugcinwa okubikezelayo okusekelwe ku-AI (ukuqagela ukwehluleka kwamamojula) nokusetshenziswa kwezingxenye ezisetshenziswe kabusha (ezishukunyiswa izintela zekhabhoni ze-EU) zizoqhubeka nokuguqula amandla esifunda. I-East Asia izogcina ubuholi bayo ekukhiqizeni okuqine kakhulu, kuyilapho iNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia izokhula njengesikhungo esithembekile sobuningi, kanti abadlali abancane eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika bazokuqhubeka nokushayela izinto ezintsha ezikhethekile.
Isiphetho: Ukuphila Kuhlobene Nezindawo, Akukhona Ukuhlukaniswa Kwamazwe Ngamazwe
Akukho esinye isifunda esithi “esihlala njalo kakhulu” samamojuli ekhamera—kukhona izifunda eziklanyelwe izidingo ezithile zokuqina. Impumalanga ye-Asia (iJapan, iNingizimu Korea, iChina) ihamba phambili ekukhiqizeni okuthembekile, izwe ngalinye lihamba phambili ezinhlelweni ezihlukene: iJapan ngokunemba okubalulekile, iNingizimu Korea kwezimoto eziningi nezokuzijabulisa ezihlala njalo, kanye neChina kwezixazululo zezimboni ezenziwe ngendlela oyifisayo. I-Southeast Asia iyavela njengesikhungo esonga izindleko samamojuli ajwayelekile, kanti iYurophu neNyakatho Melika zigxile ezimakethe ezincane ezihambisana nemithetho.
Lapho ukhetha isifunda sokukhiqiza, phambili izidingo zakho ezihlukile zokuqina kohlelo lwakho phezu kwezikhundla ezingahleliwe. Bheka izitifiketi zokuhlola ezivela eceleni (JIS C60068-2-14, ASTM B117) kanye nokubonakala kwe-supply chain ukuqinisekisa ukwethembeka kwesikhathi eside. Njengoba imakethe ikhula, ukubambisana kwezifunda kuzoqhubeka nokuphakamisa ibha yokuqina, okwenza kube amandla omhlaba wonke kunokuba kube umncintiswano wezifunda.
Uxhumane
Sicela uxhumane nathi uhambele
WhatsApp
WeChat