isiZulu
CMOS Rolling Shutter Artifacts Explained: What They Are and How to Fix Them
Kwadalwa ngo 11.12
If you’ve ever captured a video of a fast-moving car, panned your camera quickly across a landscape, or filmed under fluorescent lights, you might have noticed strange distortions: tilted buildings, wobbly objects, or flickering bands. These aren’t mistakes in your camera—they’re CMOS rolling shutterizimpawu, umphumela ojwayelekile ezikhamerini eziningi zanamuhla (kusukela kumafoni aphathekayo kuya kuma-DSLR). Kulokhu kuqondisa, sizohlukanisa ukuthi yini i-rolling shutter, kungani lezi zimpawu zenzeka, indlela yokuzibona, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, indlela yokugwema noma yokulungisa lezi zimpawu. Noma ungumkhiqizi wokuqukethwe, i-vlogger, noma umthwebuli wezithombe ojwayelekile, ukuqonda i-rolling shutter kuzokusiza ukuthi uthwebule izithombe ezicacile, ezibukeka z professional.
Iyini i-CMOS Rolling Shutter, ngempela?
Ukuze uqonde izinkinga zokushintsha kwe-rolling shutter, kufanele uqale wazi ukuthi i-CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) sensor ithatha kanjani izithombe. Ngokwehlukana nezinsiza ezindala ze-CCD (Charge-Coupled Device), ezifunda wonke amapikseli ngasikhathi sinye, ama-CMOS sensors asebenzisa indlela "yokushintsha" ukuze abhale idatha.
Nansi ukuhlaziywa okulula:
1. Isikhombisi siqala ngokuvula nokufunda umugqa ophezulu wezithombe.
2. Uma umugqa ophakeme usuphelile, uhamba phansi emgqeni olandelayo, futhi njalo—njengoba i-scanner ihamba phezu kwephepha.
3. Ngaleso sikhathi lapho isikhombisi siphetha ukufunda umugqa ophansi, umugqa ophakeme wawuthathwe emizuzwini embalwa edlule.
Le miphumela yokulibazisa phakathi kokufunda imigqa ephezulu neyaphansi ibalulekile. Lapho ikhamera noma isihloko sishintsha phakathi kwalolo suku oluncane, isithombe sithola ukuguqulwa.
Rolling Shutter vs. Global Shutter: Yini Iphuzu Elahlukile?
Ungase uzwe “i-global shutter” ikhuluma ngemuva kwe-rolling shutter—futhi kuba nesizathu esihle. I-global shutter iyinto ephikisana ne-rolling shutter, futhi igwema iningi lezinto eziphambukisayo. Nansi ukuqhathaniswa okusheshayo ukuze kucaciswe:
Isici | CMOS Rolling Shutter | Global Shutter |
Indlela esebenza ngayo | Funda ama-pixels umugqa-ngomugqa (phezulu kuya phansi). | Funda wonke amaphikseli ngasikhathi sinye. |
Ukulibaziseka phakathi kwemigqa | Izingxenye ze-millisecond (zibangela ukuguqulwa). | Ngiyaxolisa, kodwa akukho okuqukethwe okukhona ukuze ngikuhumushe. |
Izindleko & usayizi | Okuncane, okuncane (okusetshenziswa kumakhamera amaningi abathengi). | Kubiza kakhulu, kukhulu (kusetshenziswa emishini ye-professional). |
Izimo ezivamile zokusebenzisa | Amakhalekhukhwini, ama-DSLR, amakhamera okwenziwa. | Amakhamera e-cinema, amakhamera okuphepha, ama-drone. |
Iningi lemishini yokusetshenziswa kwezakhamuzi lisebenzisa i-rolling shutter ngoba ibiza kancane futhi iyancane. Ukuphikisana? Lezi zinto eziphazamisayo esizozichaza.
Iziphumo ezi-4 ezivamile ze-CMOS Rolling Shutter
Izinkinga zokushintsha kwe-rolling shutter ziveza ngendlela ehlukile, kuye ngokuthi yini ehamba (ikhamera noma isihloko) kanye nemvelo. Nansi eminye yemibuzo emine evame kakhulu, enezibonelo ezizosiza ukukwazi ukuzazi.
1. Umphumela weJello (Wobble)
Umphumela we-jello uyinto edume kakhulu yokuphazamiseka kwe-rolling shutter. Kwenzeka lapho ikhamera ihamba ngokushesha (isb., ukuhamba ngenkathi uthwebula, ukuhamba ngokushesha) noma ivibrates (isb., ukuthwebula kusuka ebhayisikili elihambayo).
• Kubukeka kanjani: Imigqa eqondile (njengomkhawulo, umnyango, noma iphaneli yokukhanya) iyagoba noma “iyagijima” njengejelo. Isibonelo, uma ugijima ngenkathi uthwebula isithombe sesakhiwo, odongeni bangagoba ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle.
• Kungani kwenzeka: Njengoba ikhamera ihamba phezulu/phansi noma kwesokudla/kwesobunxele, isensori ifunda imigqa ye-pixel ngezikhathi ezahlukene. Ngesikhathi ifika emigqeni ephansi, ikhamera isishintshe indawo—ngakho-ke ingxenye ephansi yesithombe ihlale ihlukaniswe ngendlela ehlukile kunengxenye ephezulu.
• Isimo esijwayelekile: Ukuthwebula umcimbi ngesikhathi uhamba phakathi kwabantu, noma ukusebenzisa i-smartphone ukuqopha imoto ehamba ukusuka emgwaqweni.
2. Ukuphambuka (Ukuphakanyiswa)
Ukuphambuka (okubizwa nangokuthi “ukuphambuka” noma “ukuphakanyiswa”) kwenzeka lapho isihloko esihamba ngokushesha sidlula emkhakheni, kanti ikhamera ihlala imile.
• Kubukeka kanjani: Isihloko sibonakala sithambile noma sikhahlela, noma ngabe kufanele sibe siqondile. Isibonelo, itreyini esheshayo ingase ibonakale ithambile ngakolunye uhlangothi, noma umuntu ogijima edlula ikhamera angase abe ne-torso ethambile.
• Kungani kwenzeka: Isihloko sihamba ngokushesha kangangokuthi ngesikhathi isikhala sithola umugqa ophansi wezithombe, isihloko sesishintshele kwesokunxele noma kwesokudla. Lokhu kudala ukungahambisani phakathi phezulu naphansi kwesihloko.
• Isimo esivamile: Ukuthwebula imoto yokugijima edlula ngokushesha, noma inyoni ebaleka ngokushesha phezulu kwezulu.
3. Wobble (Kusuka Ekushintsheni KweKhamera Ngokushesha)
Lokhu kuyindlela ethile ye-jello effect ebangelwa ukujikeleza ikhamera ngokushesha (isb. ukujikeleza emjikelezweni ngenkathi uthwebula, noma ukwehlisa/ukuphakamisa ikhamera ngokushesha).
• Kubukeka kanjani: I-framu yonke "iyawobula" noma iyashintsha, okwenza izinto ezimile (njengokhuni noma izakhiwo) zibonakale zikhahlela noma zishintsha. Isibonelo, uma ushaya ifoni yakho phezulu ngokushesha ukuze uthathe ividiyo ye-skyscraper, phezulu kwesakhiwo kungase kube sehluleka ukuhamba ngemuva kwezingxenye eziphansi.
• Kungani kwenzeka: Ukuphendula ikhamera kushintsha i-angle yayo phakathi kokufunda imigqa ephezulu nephansi. I-sensor ayikwazi ukulandela ukuphenduka, ngakho-ke isithombe sithambekela noma sishintshwe.
• Isimo esivamile: Abavlogi bashesha ukushintsha ukuze babonise isimo esisha, noma ividiyo ye-action camera evela emsebenzini wesikhwama (njengokujikeleza kwe-360).
4. Ukubandwa (Ukukhanya)
I-Banding iyingqayizivele ngoba ibangelwa imithombo yokukhanya, hhayi ukuhamba. Iyehlisa uma kuthathwa ividiyo ngaphansi kwezibani ezikhanyayo ezikhanya ngokuqhubekayo (ngisho noma ungakwazi ukubona ukuhamba ngamehlo akho).
• Kubukeka kanjani: Imigqa emhlophe nemnyama ehlukeneyo ehamba phezulu noma phansi kwesithombe. Isibonelo, ukuhlela igumbi elinokukhanya kwe-fluorescent kungashiya imigqa emnyama phezulu.
• Kungani kwenzeka: Iningi lezibani zangaphakathi (i-fluorescent, i-LED, i-halogen) zikhanya ngama-50Hz noma ama-60Hz (kuya ngensiza kagesi yelizwe lakho). Isivinini sokufunda sokuhamba kwesikhala sesikhala asihambisani nezinga lokukhanya, ngakho-ke emigqeni ethile kukhona ukukhanya okuningi kunezinye.
• Isimo esivamile: Ukuthwebula ividiyo egumbini lezingqungquthela elinokukhanya kwe-fluorescent, noma ikhitshi elinokukhanya kwe-LED ngaphansi kwamakhabethe.
Kungani Lezi Zinto Zenzeka? (Isayensi, Iphucuziwe)
Awudingi iziqu zezeMidlalo ukuze uqonde imbangela ye-rolling shutter artifacts—kodwa ukujula okusheshayo esayensi kuzokusiza ukuthi ugweme lezi zinkinga. Inkinga eyinhloko isikhathi: isikhala asithathi isithombe sonke ngasikhathi sinye.
Nansi eminye yemikhakha emibili eyenza izinto zibe sibi:
1. Isivinini Sokufunda Se-Sensor: Izivinini zokufunda eziphansi zisho isikhathi eside sokulinda phakathi kokufunda imigqa ephezulu nemigqa ephansi. Amakhamera aphansi (afana nezinsiza ezindala ze-smartphone) ngokuvamile anezivinini zokufunda eziphansi, ngakho-ke athanda ukujolisa noma ukujolisa. Amakhamera amasha, aphezulu (afana nezinsiza eziphakeme ze-iPhone noma amakhamera angaphandle) anezivinini zokufunda ezisheshayo, okunciphisa izinto eziphumayo.
2. Ijubane Lokuhamba: Njengoba ikhamera noma isihloko sishintsha ngokushesha, ukuphazamiseka kuyabonakala kakhulu. Ukuhamba kancane phezu komhlaba kungase kungabangeli izinkinga, kodwa ukuhamba ngokushesha kuzokwenza. Ngokufanayo, umuntu ohamba kancane ungase ubonakale ejwayelekile, kodwa umgibeli uzobonakala engalungile.
Ukukhanya kudlala indima ekubandeni. Njengoba kushiwo, ukukhanya kwe-50Hz/60Hz kuyashintsha ngokuhambisana nenethiwekhi yakho kagesi. Uma izinga lokukhanya lekhompyutha yakho (isb. 30fps, 60fps) lingahambisani nalolo suku, isikhala sithola ukushintsha njengamabha.
Indlela Yokugwema Noma Ukulungisa Izinkinga Ze-CMOS Rolling Shutter
Izindaba ezinhle zithi: awudingi ukuthenga ikhamera ye-global shutter engama-$10,000 ukuze ulungise izinkinga ze-rolling shutter. Inkinga eziningi zingaxazululwa ngezindlela ezilula zokuthwebula noma amathuluzi okucubungula ngemva kokuthwebula. Nansi imiyalelo esebenzayo yokuvikela (ngezikhathi zokuthwebula) nokulungisa (ngemva kokuthwebula).
Ingxenye 1: Vimbela Izinto Ezingezinhle Ngesikhathi Sokuthwebula (Indlela Engcono Kakhulu)
Ukulungisa izinto eziphumayo emuva kokuthwebula kuyasiza, kodwa ukuvimbela lezi zinto ngesikhathi sokuthwebula kuhle kakhulu—kuvumela isikhathi futhi kuholela ekutholeni ividiyo esezingeni eliphezulu. Nansi okumele ukwenze:
1. Yekela Ukuhamba KweKhamera: Indlela ye-#1 yokunciphisa umphumela we-jello noma ukuhamba okungafanele ukuhamba kwekhamera kancane. Gwema ukuhamba okusheshayo, ukwehla, noma ukuhamba ngesikhathi sokufilimu. Uma udinga ukuhamba, sebenzisa i-tripod, i-gimbal, noma i-stabilizer—lezi zinsiza zigcina ikhamera iqinile futhi zinciphisa ukuhamba okungazelelwe.
2. Gwema Izihloko Eziphuthumayo (Noma Lungisa I-Angle Yakho): Uma uthwebula isihloko esiphuthumayo (njengemoto), beka ikhamera ukuze isihloko sihamba sibe parallel nendlela yokufunda ye-sensor (kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla, hhayi phezulu naphansi). Lokhu kunciphisa ukungahambi kahle. Isibonelo, thwebula imoto ihamba ngokuqondile ngaphakathi kwefremu esikhundleni sokuhamba ibheke noma ibalekela ikhamera.
3. Hlanganisa i-Frame Rate ye-Match ne-Frequency ye-Lighting: Ukuze ulungise i-banding, hlanganisa i-frame rate yekhamera yakho ne-grid kagesi yelizwe lakho:
◦ Uma ukulelizwe eline-50Hz (iningi leYurophu, i-Asia, i-Afrika): Sebenzisa i-25fps noma i-50fps.
◦ Uma ukulelizwe eline-60Hz (US, Canada, Japan): Sebenzisa i-30fps noma i-60fps.
Iningi lamakhamera linokuthi “anti-flicker” okwenza lokhu ngokuzenzakalelayo—vulela uma ubona ukuhamba.
1. Sebenzisa Ukukhanya Kwemvelo (Uma Kungenzeka): Ukukhanya kwelanga akukhanyisi, ngakho ukuhlela ngaphandle noma eduze kwefasitela kunciphisa ukuhamba kwemibala ngokuphelele. Uma kufanele uhlele ngaphakathi, sebenzisa ama-bulb e-incandescent (akhanya kancane kune-LEDs noma ama-fluorescents) noma engeza i-diffuser ukuze uthambise ukukhanya.
2. Khetha Ikhamera Enesivinini Sokufunda Esisheshayo: Uma uthenga ikhamera entsha, bheka amamodeli anokusebenza "okusheshayo kokuphuma" noma "okufana nokuphuma kwezwe lonke". Ama-smartphones aphakeme (iPhone 15 Pro, Samsung Galaxy S24 Ultra) kanye namakhamera angaphandle (Sony A7S III, Canon EOS R5) anesivinini sokufunda esisheshayo esinciphisa izinto ezingezinhle.
Ingxenye 2: Lungisa Izinto Ezingezinhle Ekucubunguleni Ngemuva (Uma Usukhumbule)
Uma usunokuthwebula okunezimpawu zokushintsha, ungakukhubazi—ungakwazi ukulungisa iningi lezi zinkinga nesoftware yokuhlela ividiyo. Nansi eminye yemishini nezindlela ezinhle kakhulu:
Ithuluzi | Izinsiza Zokusebenzisa | Indlela Yokukulungisa |
Jello Effect | Adobe Premiere Pro, DaVinci Resolve, Final Cut Pro | Sebenzisa ithuluzi elithi “Warp Stabilizer” (Premiere) noma “Rolling Shutter Correction” (DaVinci). Lezi zithuluzi zihlaziya ividiyo futhi ziqondanisa imigqa ehlukile. |
Skew | Ngiyaxolisa, kodwa angikwazi ukuhlinzeka ngaleso sikhathi. | Izinsiza ezifanayo zokuzinzisa zisebenza ngokuphambuka. Ukuze uthole ukwehla okuncane, sebenzisa i-slider ethi “Rotation” ukuze uqondise isihloko. |
Banding | Adobe After Effects, DaVinci Resolve | Sebenzisa i-“Remove Flicker” filter (After Effects) noma lungisa i-“Gamma” noma i-“Exposure” ukuze uthulise ama-bands. Ukuze ubhekane ne-banding enkulu, khetha umfanekiso kancane ukuze ususe ama-bands amabi. |
Pro Tip: Ukuze uthole ividiyo ye-smartphone, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana ne-CapCut (mahala) noma i-InShot zineziwombe zokuzinzisa ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ezisebenza kahle ekwenzeni umphumela omncane we-jello. Ukuze uthole ividiyo yobuchwepheshe, i-DaVinci Resolve (mahala) iyindlela enhle yokuphikisa isoftware ebizayo efana ne-Premiere Pro.
FAQ: Imibuzo Evamile Ngama-CMOS Rolling Shutter Artifacts
Noma ngabe unalesi siqondiso ngenhla, ungase ube nemibuzo. Nansi imiphumela yemibuzo ebuzwa kakhulu mayelana ne-rolling shutter:
1. Ingabe izimpawu zokushaya ezijikayo zingasuswa ngokuphelele?
Cha—ngaphandle kokuthi usebenzise ikhamera enesikhala somhlaba. Kodwa ngejubane lokufunda elisheshayo, ukuhamba okuqinile, nokucubungula ngemva, unganciphisa izinto eziphumayo kuze kube sezingeni lapho zingabonakali.
2. Ingabe i-rolling shutter ibi kakhulu ekukhanyeni okuphansi?
Yebo, kwesinye isikhathi. Ekukhanyeni okuphansi, amakhamera asebenzisa isikhathi eside sokukhanya ukuze athole ukukhanya okuningi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isikhala sithatha isikhathi eside ukufunda umugqa ngamunye, kukhuphula ukulibaziseka phakathi kwemigqa ephezulu nephezulu. Umphumela? Umphumela we-jello obonakalayo noma ukuguqulwa.
3. Ingabe amakhamera enzo (afana neGoPros) anokushintsha okubi kokuhamba?
Izithombe zokusebenza ezindala zazikwenza, kodwa amamodeli amasha (afana ne-GoPro Hero 12) anama-speed okufunda asheshayo kanye nokuzinza okwakhiwe ngaphakathi kwe-“HyperSmooth” okunciphisa izinto ezingafunwa. Nokho, izithombe zokusebenza zivame ukusetshenziswa ezimeni zokunyakaza okuphezulu (ukukhwela, ukushushuluza), ngakho-ke izinto ezingafunwa zingase zenzeka uma ushintsha isithombe ngokushesha kakhulu.
4. Kungani izithombe zami zinganawo ama-rolling shutter artifacts?
Izithombe ziqoshwa emzuzwini owodwa—ngisho nangensiza ye-rolling shutter. I-sensor ivula wonke ama-row ngasikhathi sinye (ukuthi izithombe) bese ifunda ama-row ngakunye. Njengoba ukuvulwa kwenzeka ngasikhathi sinye, akukho sikhathi sokunyakaza okungadala ukuguqulwa. I-rolling shutter ithinta kuphela ividiyo, lapho i-sensor iqopha amafreyimu amaningi ngemuva kwesekhondi.
Isiphetho
Izinkinga ze-CMOS rolling shutter ziwubuhlungu obuvamile, kodwa azisho ukuthi kufanele uphumelele emsebenzini wakho. Ngokwazi ukuthi yini ebangela lezi zinkinga—ukubambezeleka kwesikhathi phakathi kwemigqa ye-pixel—futhi usebenzisa amasu afanele (ukunyakaza kwekhamera kancane, izinzwa, ukucubungula ngemva), ungathwebula ividiyo ehlanzekile, efana neye-professional.
Khumbula: awudingi imishini ebizayo ukuze ulungise i-rolling shutter. Ngisho ne-smartphone ingakhiqiza ividiyo enhle uma ulandela amathiphu kule mhlahlandlela. Ngesikhathi ozokwenza ividiyo, qaphela umphumela we-jello noma i-banding, bese usebenzisa izinyathelo zokuvikela ukuze ugweme lezi zinkinga. Uma uthola izinto ezingafanele, amathuluzi okucubungula afana ne-DaVinci Resolve noma i-Premiere Pro angasindisa usuku.
Ukephathe kanjani izinkinga zokuphazamiseka kwe-rolling shutter ezithombeni zakho? Yabelana ngolwazi lwakho ezinkundleni zokuphawula ngezansi—sithanda ukuzwa ukuthi uwaxazulule kanjani!
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