Ubuchwepheshe benzwa yechashazi le-Quantum

Inzwa yechashazi le-Quantum ubuchwepheshe, obuncike ezintweni ezibonakalayo namakhemikhali ze-quantum, bubonisa amandla okusebenza emikhakheni eminingi. Amachashazi e-Quantum, njengamakristalu e-nanoscale semiconductor (1 - 10 nanometers), anamazinga ahlukene wamandla ngenxa yomphumela wokuvalelwa kwe-quantum, kanye nezindawo ezikhethekile zokubona nezikagesi.

Indlela ye-Fluorescence:

1. Ukucima nokululama kwe-Fluorescence: Ithagethi/ama-ion asebenzisana namachashazi e-quantum, okubangela ukudluliswa kwamandla noma ama-electron, nama-electron esimo esijabulile abuyela esimweni esiphansi ngezinqubo ezingashisi, okubangela ukucisha. Isibonelo, ekuqaphelweni kwemvelo, ama-ion e-mercury abophezela kumaqembu angaphezulu kumachashazi we-quantum, okubangela ukucisha kwe-fluorescence. Ngokulinganisa ukwehla kwamandla e-fluorescence, ukugxila kwe-ion ye-mercury kunganqunywa ngobuningi; ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile noma ukungeza ama-reagents ukuphazamisa ukusebenzisana, ukubuyiswa kwe-fluorescence kungasetshenziselwa ukuhlaziywa kwekhwalithi nobuningi bethagethi.

2. I-Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET): Amachashazi e-Fluorescent quantum (abanikeli) akhipha ukukhanya nama-molecule (abamukeli) akwazi ukumunca ukukhanya asondezwa ndawonye, okubangela i-FRET. Amandla esimo esijabulile somnikeli adluliselwa ngaphandle kwemisebe kumamukeli, okuba yinjabulo ekhipha ukukhanya, okubangela ukuncipha kwe-fluorescence yabanikezeli kanye nokwanda kwe-fluorescence eyamukelayo. Ekutholweni kwe-biomedical, ama-molecule ebhayoloji avame ukulebula, futhi i-FRET iwukuthola izehlakalo ezibophezela amangqamuzana nezindlela zokusebenzisana kocwaningo.

Indlela yoshintsho ezimpahleni zikagesi: Kuzinzwa zamakhemikhali, amachashazi e-quantum ayashintshwa endaweni ye-electrode, i-adsorption yama-molecule egesi eqondiwe kushintsha ukuthuthwa kweshaji phakathi kwamachashazi e-quantum kanye ne-electrode, okubangela ushintsho ku-electrode yamanje noma amandla. Ngokulinganisa lolu shintsho lwezimpawu zikagesi, igesi eqondiwe ingatholwa.

Ukulungiswa kwamachashazi e-Quantum: Kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokulungiselela. Isixazululo samakhemikhali silula ukusebenza futhi singahlanganisa inani elikhulu. Ngokulawula izinga lokushisa, isikhathi sokusabela, ukugxiliswa kwe-reactant, njll., usayizi, umumo, kanye nezakhiwo zamachashazi we-quantum zingalawulwa, njengendlela yomjovo wezinga eliphezulu lokushisa, engahlanganisa amachashazi e-quantum ekhwalithi ephezulu; indlela ye-molecular beam epitax ingalawula ngokunembile inani lezendlalelo nokuhlelwa kwe-athomu kwamachashazi e-quantum akhula ngaphansi kwe-vacuum ephezulu kakhulu, ilungiselela amachashazi e-quantum ekhwalithi ephezulu, kodwa okokusebenza kuyabiza inqubo iyinkimbinkimbi.

Ukulungiswa kwendawo: Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza, ukuhambisana kwezinto eziphilayo, kanye nekhono elithile lokubopha lamachashazi e-quantum, ukuguqulwa kwendawo kuyadingeka.Amaqembu anjengamasosha omzimba, ama-nucleic acid, ama-enzyme, njll., axhunywe ngezindlela zamakhemikhali. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ze-biomedical, amachashazi e-quantum ashintshwe ngamasosha omzimba angaqondisa amaseli, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, athuthukise ukusakazeka kwamachashazi e-quantum, avimbele ukuhlanganisa, futhi alondoloze ukusebenza okuzinzile.

Ukutholwa nokucutshungulwa kwesignali: Amandla e-Fluorescence, kanye nempilo yonke ye-fluorescence ingakalwa kusetshenziswa i-spectrometer ye-fluorescence kanye ne-confocal microscope; amasignali kagesi angalinganiswa kusetshenziswa i-electrochemical workstation kanye ne-fieldeffect transistor. Ngemva kokuthola isignali, icutshungulwa ama-algorithms ayinkimbinkimbi nesofthiwe ukuze kususwe umsindo, kukhishwe ulwazi oluvumelekile, nokuqinisekisa imiphumela ethembekile nenembile yokuthola.