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Izinhlelo Zokubona Ezinkalweni Ezihlakaniphile Zokuthenga Ezisebenzisanayo: Ukuchaza Kabusha Okuhlangenwe Nakho Kokuthenga Esitolo
Kwadalwa ngo 02.03
Ulayini wokukhokhela wokudla okuyisikole sakudala—wakhe wawuyingxenye ebalulekile yomkhuba wokuthenga esitolo—useyinto yesikhathi esidlulile, ngenxa yokuphakama kwezinduku zokuthenga ezihlakaniphile. Ezingqimeni zalokhu kushintsha kwezokudayisa kukhona ubuchwepheshe obuguqulayo: izinhlelo zokubona. Azisabophelele ekuskeneni okuyisisekelo kwamabhakhodi noma ukuzwa isisindo, izinqola ezihlakaniphile ezisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokubona zenza izinto zibe lula, zibe ngezakho, futhi zisekelwe kudatha, okuhlanganisa umehluko phakathi kokulula kwe-inthanethi nokuzibandakanya kwezitolo ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuthi izinhlelo zokubona zibuyekeza kanjani izinqola zokuthenga ezihlakaniphile, ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko obuqhubela phambili ukuthuthukiswa kwazo, izicelo zangempela, nokuthi kungani ziba utshalomali olungadingi ukubuyekezwa ezitolo ezicabanga phambili.
Iminyaka eminingi, abathengisi baye balwa ukulinganisa izinhloso ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukuthuthukisa ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende nokwenza kahle imisebenzi. Ukulinda isikhathi eside ekukhokheni, ulwazi olungahambisani ngemikhiqizo, nokukhangisa okujwayelekile kube yinkinga ezitolo ezibonakalayo, okuphoqa abathengi abaningi ukuthi baye ekululamele kwamapulatifomu e-commerce. Amakharriji okuthenga ahlakaniphile ahlinzekwa ngezinhlelo zokubona ezithuthukisiwe axazulula lezi zinkinga ngokuguqula ikharriji ngokwayo ibe yindawo yokuthengisa ephathekayo, ehlakaniphile. Ngokungafani nezinguqulo zangaphambili zamakharriji ahlakaniphile ezazisebenzisa amathegi e-RFID noma ukuskena ngesandla, izinhlelo zokubona zivumela ukuxhumana okungadingi "ukuskena"—ukukhomba ngokuzenzakalelayo imikhiqizo njengoba ingezwa noma isuswa, ukulandelela ukuziphatha komthengi, nokuletha izincomo eziqondene nawe ngesikhathi sangempela. Ngokocwaningo lwezimboni, abathengisi abamukela amakharriji ahlakaniphile anikwe amandla yizinhlelo zokubona baye babona ukuncipha okungu-40% esikhathini sokukhokha kanye nokuncipha okungu-30% ezindlekweni zokusebenza, kuyilapho benyusa izikolo zokwaneliseka kwamakhasimende ngo-25%. Lezi zinzuzo ezintathu—ukusebenza kahle, ukonga izindleko, nokuthuthukisa umuzwa—zibeka izinhlelo zokubona njengento eyinhloko yokuguqulwa kwemboni yokuthengisa yesimanje.
Indlela Izinhlelo Zokubona Ezisebenzisa Ngayo Izinduku Zokuthenga Ezihlakaniphile: Ubuchwepheshe Ngemuva Komlingo
Ngokuyisisekelo, uhlelo lokubona lwezikhala ezihlakaniphile zokuthenga ezisebenzisanayo luyinhlanganisela yehadiwe nesofthiwe: amakhamera anokulungiswa okuphezulu, izinzwa zobude, amayunithi okucubungula emaphethelweni, kanye nezingqikithi ezithuthukisiwe zokufunda komshini ezisebenza ngokubambisana ukuze zibone futhi zihumushe imvelo yokuthenga. Ake sihlukanise izakhi ezibalulekile nezindima zazo:
1. Ihadiwe: Amasosha Esikhala Esihlakaniphile
Izinqola ezihlakaniphile ezisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokubona zisebenzisa inethiwekhi yezinzwa ezisatshalaliswe ukuthola idatha ebanzi yokubona. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kufaka phakathi amakhamera angu-3-5 aphezulu (avame ukuba izinzwa ze-Sony IMX series CMOS) ezibekwe ngobuhlakani eduze kwesikhwama senqola ukuhlinzeka ngokubuka okungu-360°. Amakhamera la ahambisana namamojuli okubona ubujamo—njengezinzwa ze-Intel RealSense LiDAR noma i-ToF (Time of Flight)—ukudala amamodeli angu-3D wamaphuzu emikhiqizo, okuvumela ukuhlonza okunembayo ngisho nasezindaweni ezikhanyayo ezincane ezitolo noma lapho izinto zifihlekile kancane. Ngokungafani neziskena zamabhakhodi zakudala, ezidinga ukubona ngqo, lesi simiso samakhamera amaningi singakwazi ukubona izinto ezinganikezwanga amalebula noma ezinezimo ezingajwayelekile (njengemikhiqizo engehlanganisiwe) ngokunemba okumangalisayo.
Ukuqedela amakhamera kuyiyunithi yokubala esezingeni—ngokuvamile iyipulatifomu encane, enokusebenza okuphezulu njenge-NVIDIA Jetson Xavier NX—esicubungula idatha ebonakalayo endaweni ngesikhathi sangempela. Lokhu kubalulekile ukugwema izinkinga zokubambezeleka ezihambisana nokucubungula okusekelwe efwini, kuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto ezifakiwe/ezikhishiwe emikhiqizweni zibonakala ngokushesha esikrinini senqola. Ukubala okusezingeni nakho kuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwedatha ngokugcina ulwazi olubucayi lwabathengi (njengezinkokhelo noma izindlela zokuziphatha) lusekhaya, kuxazulula ukukhathazeka okukhulayo ngobumfihlo.
2. Isofthiwe: Ubuchopho Besikhala Esihlakaniphile
Amandla angempela ezinhlelweni zokubona akhona kwi-software yazo—ukufunda kwemishini kanye nezinhlelo zokubona kwekhompyutha eziguqula idatha yokubona eluhlaza ibe imibono esebenziseka. Izinhlelo ezithuthukile kakhulu zisebenzisa imodeli yokufunda ejulile esivele iqeqeshwe (njenge-YOLOv5 noma ama-CNN akhethekile) ukuze zifeze izinga lokuqonda imikhiqizo elinganiselwa ku-98% noma ngaphezulu, nezinga lokuqonda okungelona iqiniso ngaphansi kuka-2%. Lezi zinhlelo ziqeqeshwa kumadathasethi amakhulu wezithombe zemikhiqizo, zikwazisa ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinto ezifanayo (isb. , imikhiqizo ehlukene ye-cereal noma usayizi ohlukile we-shampoo) kalula.
Ngaphandle kokuhlonza imikhiqizo, izinhlelo zokubona zenza kube nokuxhumana okuhlelekile:
• Ukulandela Izindlela: Amakhamera nezinsiza zihlola izenzo zabathengi—njengokuhlala phambi kweshelufu, ukuthatha nokubuyisela izinto, noma ukuqhathanisa imikhiqizo—ukuhlonza izintandokazi nezinhlelo. Le datha isetshenziselwa ukuvusa ukukhushulwa okwenziwe ngokwezifiso (isb., isaphulelo kumkhiqizo ohambisanayo uma ubisi lungene emakhasini).
• Ukuqashelwa Kwezimpawu Nokunyakaza: Ezinye izinhlelo ezithuthukile zisebenzisa i-computer vision ukuchaza izimpawu zabathengi (isibonelo, ukuswayipha, ukuthepha) esikrinini sekharethi noma emoyeni, okuvumela ukuxhumana okungenazandla—isici esathandwa kakhulu ngemuva kobhubhane ngenxa yezinzuzo zaso zokuhlanzeka.
• Ukuqashelwa Kwezinto Ezingajwayelekile: Izinhlelo zokubona zingakwazi ukukhomba ukuziphatha okusolwayo (isibonelo, ukuzama ukukhipha umkhiqizo ngaphandle kokuskena noma ukufihla izinto) futhi zazise abasebenzi besitolo ngesikhathi sangempela, kunciphisa ukulahleka nokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwesitolo.
Ngaphandle Kwe-Checkout: Inani Elisebenzisanayo Lezinqola Ezihlakaniphile Ezinamandla Okubona
Ngenkathi ukususa imigqa ye-checkout kuyinzuzo ebonakalayo kakhulu yezinqola ezihlakaniphile ezinamandla okubona, inani lazo langempela likhona ekuchazeni kabusha uhambo lokuthenga lonke esitolo ngezimfanelo ezisebenzisanayo. Nansi indlela ezintathu ezibalulekile izinhlelo zokubona ezithuthukisa ukuzibandakanya kwabathengi nokusebenza kwabathengisi:
1. Uhambo Lokuthenga Olwakhelwe Ngomuntu
Izinhlelo zokubona ziguqula izinqola ezihlakaniphile zibe izisizi zokuthenga zomuntu siqu ngokuhlanganisa idatha yemikhiqizo yesikhathi sangempela nezintandokazi zabathengi. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho umthengi engeza inkukhu enqoleni yakhe, isikrini senqola singanikeza ngokuzenzakalelayo imibono yeresiphi, imikhiqizo ehambisanayo (isb., imifino, izinongo), noma ukukhushulwa okufanele (isb., “Thenga eyodwa, uthole enye mahhala elayisi”). Leli zinga lokwenza kube ngumuntu siqu—elifana nezici “ezinconywe wena” zamapulatifomu e-e-commerce—zigcina abathengi bebandakanyeka futhi zandisa amathuba okudayisa okwengeziwe. Abathengisi abasebenzisa leli thekhnoloji babike ukwanda okungu-15-20% kwenani eliphakathi le-oda (AOV).
Ezinye izinhlelo eziphambili zisebenzisa ngisho nokuqashelwa kobuso (ngemvume yomthengi) ukukhomba amakhasimende abuyayo, ngokuzenzakalelayo zisebenzisa izaphulelo zokwethembeka futhi zikhumbule umlando wokuthenga wangaphambilini ukuze kuthuthukiswe izincomo. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo kokwenza kube ngeyakho into kube yinto yokuthenga ngokomzimba kusiza abathengisi ukuthi bancintisane nensizakalo eyenziwe ngeyakho yezindlovukazi eziku-inthanethi njenge-Amazon.
2. Ukubala Izimpahla Ngokweqiniso & Ukuthuthukisa Isitolo
Amakhadi akhanyayo anenhloso awasizi kuphela abathengi—awuwusizo olukhulu lwezibalo kubathengisi. Ngokulandela ukuthi yimaphi imikhiqizo ethathwa, ibuyiselwa, noma ithengwa, izinhlelo zokubona zinikeza ukuqonda kwesikhathi sangempela ngezinga lezimpahla kanye nezindlela zokuziphatha zabathengi. Isibonelo, uma abathengi abaningi bethatha umkhiqizo othile we-yogurt kodwa bewubuyisela (mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuphelelwa isikhathi noma amanani), abathengisi bangalungisa isitoko sabo noma izikhangiso ngokushesha. Le datha iphinde isize ekuthuthukiseni ukuhlelwa kwesitolo—ukuhlonza izindawo ezinamathafa aphezulu lapho imikhiqizo ethandwayo kufanele ibekwe, noma izindawo ezinamathafa aphansi ezidinga izikhangiso noma izikhangiso ezingcono.
I-Shopic, umhlinzeki ophambili wezixazululo ze-smart cart, unikeza uhlelo olusekelwe emibonweni oluhlanganisa injini yokuhlaziya yokulandela isikhathi sangempela izinqola zabathengi nezitolo. Abathengisi abasebenzisa lolu hlelo baphawule ukuthi kube nokwehla okungu-25% ezimweni zokungabi khona kwezimpahla futhi kube nokuthuthuka okungu-10% ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kokubuyisela izimpahla—okubalulekile ezimweni zokuthengisa lapho izinto ezingekho zikhokhisa umkhakha izigidigidi minyaka yonke.
3. Ukuxhumana Okungabandakanyi Ukuphazamiseka Kwezimoto Eziningi
Izinhlelo zokubona zivumela ukuxhumana okungenamihawu okunezindlela eziningi, zihlanganisa ukubona okubonwayo ngezwi, ukuthinta, ngisho ne-AR (Augmented Reality) ukudala izipiliyoni zokuthenga eziqondakala kalula. Ngokwesibonelo, umthengi angasebenzisa imiyalelo yezwi ukucela izikhombisi-ndlela zomkhiqizo othile (“Ngithola kuphi amaqanda emvelo?”), futhi uhlelo lokubona—olusebenza nedatha yokwenza imephu yesitolo—lungabazisa eshalofini eliqondile kusetshenziswa isibonisi se-cart. Amanye ama-cart asebenzisa ngisho ne-AR ukufaka imininingwane yomkhiqizo (isb., izithako, amaqiniso okunomsoco, izibuyekezo) endaweni yokubona yomthengi lapho bebheka into ngekhamera ye-cart.
Le ndlela ye-multi-modal ihlangabezana nezintandokazi ezihlukahlukene zabathengi—abanye bakhetha imiyalo yephimbo yokuxhumana ngaphandle kokuthinta, kanti abanye bakhetha ama-touchscreen noma izenzo—okwenza izinqola ezihlakaniphile zifinyeleleke kubantu abaningi. Ngokusho kwesifundo sika-2023, u-85% wabathengi abasebenzisa izinqola ezihlakaniphile ezisekelwe emibonweni baphawule ukuthi bathole ukuxhumana “kujwayelekile futhi kulula,” uma kuqhathaniswa no-45% wabathengi abasebenzisa izinhlelo zokuzihlola ezijwayelekile.
Izicelo Zangempela: Izinqola Ezihlakaniphile Ezisekelwe Emibonweni Zisebenza
Abathengisi abakhulu nezinkampani zobuchwepheshe sebesebenzisa izinhlelo zokubona ukuze ziguqule izipiliyoni zabo ezitolo. Nansi eminye imizekelo emibili ephawulekayo:
1. Isixazululo se-Clip-On Vision se-Shopic
I-Shopic, umqalisi kwezobuchwepheshe bamaloli okuthenga, inikeza idivayisi eyingqayizivele enamathelayo eyenza iloli elijwayelekile lokuthenga libe iloli elihlakaniphile elisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokubona. Ngokusebenzisa amakhamera amabili kuphela kanye ne-AI ethuthukisiwe, uhlelo lungakwazi ukubona izinkulungwane zezinto ezithengiswayo ngokunemba okuphezulu—akukho ama-RFID tags noma ukuskena ngesandla okudingekayo. Idivayisi enamathelayo ixhuma kuhlelo lokusebenza lweselula noma isikrini esincane, ihlinzeka abathengi ngezibuyekezo zamanani zesikhathi sangempela, ukukhushulwa okwenziwe ngezifiso, namakhono okukhokha ngokwakho. Kubathengisi, lesi sixazululo sikhulula isidingo sokushintsha amaloli akhona, sinciphise izindleko zokufakwa ngenkathi kusahlinzekwa izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe bokubona. Uhlelo lwe-Shopic njengamanje lufakwe ezitolo ezinkulu kulo lonke elaseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika, nabathengisi ababambe iqhaza babika ukwanda okungu-30% ekuthembekeni kwabathengi nokwanda okungu-12% ku-AOV.
2. Ubuchwepheshe be-Amazon Fresh's Just Walk Out
Nakuba i-Amazon Fresh yaziwa ngezitolo zayo ezingenawo ama-cashier, le nkampani iphinde yahlanganisa izinhlelo zokubona ezinkalishini zayo ezihlakaniphile ukuze yandise umuzwa wokuthi "uhamba nje ngaphandle" ngaphandle kwezitolo. I-Dash Cart ye-Amazon isebenzisa inhlanganisela yekhamera, izinzwa, kanye ne-computer vision ukukhomba imikhiqizo njengoba izongezwa, ikhokhe ngokuzenzakalelayo i-akhawunti ye-Amazon yomthengi uma ephuma esitolo. Isikrini senkalishi sinikeza izamba zamanje ze-oda, izincomo zemikhiqizo, kanye nokuzulazula esitolo—kwakha umuzwa ongaphazamiseki ofana nokuthenga ku-inthanethi. Kusukela kwethulwa, i-Dash Cart isethulwe ezindaweni ezingamakhulu ezise-Amazon Fresh, abathengi becaphuna "ukuntuleka kwemigqa yokukhokha" kanye "nezincomo eziqondene nawe" njengezizathu eziphezulu zokukhetha le nkalishi.
Ikusasa Lezinhlelo Zokubona Emakhasini Ahlakaniphile: Yini elandelayo?
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka, izinhlelo zokubona emakhasini ahlakaniphile zikhona ukuze zibe nokuhlakanipha okwengeziwe futhi zihlanganiswe kahle ne-ecosystem yokuthengisa. Nansi eminye imikhuba emithathu okufanele uyibheke:
1. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-5G & Edge Computing
Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinkampani zenethiwekhi ye-5G kanye ne-edge computing kuzothuthukisa ukusebenza kwesikhathi sangempela kwezinhlelo zokubona, okuvumela ukucubungula okusheshayo kwedatha kanye nokuxhumana okuthembekile. Lokhu kuzovumela amakharathi ahlakaniphile ukuthi aphathe imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi—njengokuvumelanisa isitoko ngesikhathi sangempela kuzo zonke izitolo eziningi, noma ukuzama izinto ezibonakalayo ezisekelwa yi-AR ezintweni ezingezona ezokudla (isibonelo, izingubo, izimonyo)—ngaphandle kwezinkinga ze-latency.
2. Ukuphathwa Kwezimfihlo Nokuphepha Okuthuthukisiwe
Njengoba izinhlelo zokubona ziqoqa idatha eyengeziwe yokuthenga, ukuvikeleka kuzoba yinto ebalulekile. Izinhlelo zesikhathi esizayo zizosebenzisa ukufunda okuhlanganyelwe—ubuchwepheshe be-AI obuqeqesha ama-algorithms ngedatha yasendaweni ngaphandle kokuyabelana neseva enkulu—ukuvikela ukuvikeleka kwabathengi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlela zokufihla ezithuthukisiwe nezokwenza idatha ingaziwa zizokuqinisekisa ukuthi ulwazi oluyimfihlo (njengokubona ubuso) lugcinwa ngokuphepha futhi lusetshenziswe kuphela ngemvume ecacile yabathengi.
3. Ukubambisana Kwe-Multi-Cart & Ukuhlanganiswa Kwe-Ecosystem
Izinqola ezihlakaniphile ezisekelwe embonweni yesikhathi esizayo zizokwazi ukuxhumana zodwa nezinye izinhlelo zokuthengisa (isibonelo, ukuphathwa kwezimpahla, i-POS, namapulatifomu okuphatha ubudlelwano namakhasimende (CRM)). Ngokwesibonelo, uma inqola yomthengi igcwele, ingathumela isignali enqoleni eseduze engenalutho ukuba izohlangana naye lapho ekuso manje. Noma, inqola ingavumelaniswa ne-CRM yesitolo ukuze kukhishwe amaphuzu okwethembeka omthengi kanye nezipesheli ezithile ngokuzenzakalelayo. Leli zinga lokuhlanganiswa lizodala imvelo yokuthengisa exhumeke ngokugcwele eyenziwe kahle futhi egxile kumakhasimende.
Kungani abathengisi bangakwazi ukuziba izikhala ezihlakaniphile ezisebenzisa ukubona
Esikhathini lapho abathengi befuna kalula ukuthenga ku-inthanethi nokuzwa okungokoqobo kwezitolo ezibonakalayo, izinhlelo zokubona ezivunyelaniswe nezinqola ezihlakaniphile azisiye ezokuzijabulisa nje—ziyadingeka. Zixazulula izinkinga ezinde ezitolo (imigqa emide yokukhokha, ukuphathwa okungasebenzi kahle kwezimpahla) ngenkathi kudala amathuba amasha okwenza kube ngokwakho nokuzibandakanya. Izinombolo zikhuluma ngokwazo: imakethe yezinqola ezihlakaniphile emhlabeni wonke kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule isuka ku-R1.5 trillion ngo-2022 yafinyelela ku-R3.7 trillion ngo-2028, nezinqola ezisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokubona ezakha ngaphezu kuka-60% walokho kukhula. Abathengisi abamukela lobu buchwepheshe kusenesikhathi bazothola inzuzo yokuncintisana, bakhe ukwethembeka okunamandla kwamakhasimende futhi balungise imisebenzi yabo ngekhulu leminyaka ledijithali.
Ekuphetheni, izinhlelo zokubona ziyisikhuthazi esisemqoka emshikashikeni wezithuthi ezihlakaniphile—ziguqula ithuluzi lokuthenga elilula libe yindawo yokuthengisa ehlakaniphile, esekelwe kudatha. Kusukela ekuphumeleleni kokuhlola ngaphandle kokuhlola, kuya eziphakamiso ezenziwe ngokwezifiso kanye nemibono ye-inventory yesikhathi sangempela, izinzuzo zalolu hlobo lobuchwepheshe zicacile kokubili kwabathengi nabathengisi. Njengoba i-5G, ukucubungula kwe-edge, kanye ne-AI kuqhubeka nokuthuthuka, amathuba ezithuthi ezihlakaniphile ezisekelwe ekuboniseni azokhula kuphela, eguqula ikusasa lokuthengisa ezitolo eminyakeni ezayo. Nokho, noma ungumthengisi ofuna ukuhamba phambili noma umthengi ofisa ukuthola isipiliyoni esikahle, into eyodwa iqinisekile: izinhlelo zokubona zikhona ukuze zihlale, futhi zishintsha indlela esithenga ngayo—ithuluzi elilodwa ngasikhathi.
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