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Ukuhlaziywa Okusekelwe Emibonweni Kwemigwaqo Yabantu Abahamba Ngezinyawo: Ukuguqula Ukuhamba Kwamadolobha Nokuphepha
Kwadalwa ngo 01.31
Imizi emhlabeni wonke ibhekene nenselele eyisisekelo: indlela yokuphatha kahle abahamba ngezinyawo ngenkathi kuqala ukuphepha, ukufinyeleleka, kanye nesipiliyoni somsebenzisi. Izindlela zakudala—kusukela ekubaleni ngesandla kuya ezinhlelweni zezinzwa eziyisisekelo—azanele ezindaweni eziguquguqukayo, lapho izixuku zishintsha ngokushesha futhi izimo (njengokukhanya noma isimo sezulu) zishintsha ngokungalindelekile. Nansi i-vision-based analytics: ubuchwepheshe obuguqulayo obusebenzisa i-AI-powered computer vision ukuhlinzeka ngemininingwane esebenzayo ngesikhathi sangempela mayelana nokuhamba kwabahamba ngezinyawo. Ngokungafani nezixazululo ezindala,izinhlelo ezisekelwe embonweniguqula ezimeni eziyinkimbinkimbi, gcina ubumfihlo, futhi uhlanganyele kahle nezinsiza zeziqhingi ezihlakaniphile. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuthi izithuthukisi zakamuva kule ndawo zishintsha kanjani ukuphathwa kokuhamba kwabantu, izimo ezisemqoka eziqhuba ukwamukelwa, nokuthi kungani kuba ithuluzi elibalulekile kubahleli bezidolobha, abaphathi bezindawo, kanye nezikhungo zokuhamba.
Imikhawulo Yokubheka Ukuhamba Kwabantu Ngokwesiko
Ngaphambi kokucubungula izinto ezintsha zokuhlaziya okusekelwe emibonweni, kubalulekile ukuqonda izikhala ezikhona ezindleleni ezijwayelekile. Sekuyiminyaka eminingi, idatha yezithuthi zabahamba ngezinyawo bekuqoqwa ngemisebenzi yezandla edla isikhathi noma izinhlelo zezinzwa eziqinile. Ukubala ngesandla, nakuba kulula, kungaba nephutha lomuntu, akukwazi ukukala ezindaweni ezinkulu (njengezinkundla zemidlalo noma izimpambano zomgwaqo ezimatasa), futhi ayikwazi ukubona izinguquko zesikhathi sangempela ekuziphatheni kwesixuku. Izinzwa ezimile—njengamaphedi okucindezela noma imiqedazi ye-infrared—ziyavumelana kakhulu kodwa azinayo ukuguquguquka: ziqapha kuphela izindawo ezichazwe ngaphambili, zibhekana nezinselelo ngezithiyo (isibonelo, amaqembu abantu avimba izinzwa), futhi azikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezindawo ezishintshayo (njengokulungiswa komcimbi wesikhashana noma ukwakhiwa).
I-COVID-19 yahlola lezi zinkinga, njengoba izindawo nezindawo zidinga ukubheka ubukhulu bezixuku ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze kuqinisekiswe imihlahlandlela yokuhlukaniswa. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zendabuko azikwazanga ukuhlinzeka ngemininingwane ethile, eshintshashintshayo edingekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha komphakathi. Le ngxenye yadala isidingo esiphuthumayo sezixazululo ezithuthukile—okunye okwakuhloswe ngakho ukuhlaziywa okusekelwe embonweni.
Yini Eyenza Ukuhlaziywa Okusekelwe Embonweni Kwamanje Kuhlukile? Ukuqhamuka Kwe-2026
Ukuhlaziywa okusekelwe embonweni kokuhamba kwabantu akuyona into entsha, kodwa intuthuko yakamuva ku-AI, ukufunda komshini, kanye ne-edge computing isiyenze yaba yisisombululo esivamile kusuka kwethuluzi elikhethekile. Izinto ezimbili ezibalulekile ezihola le ngunguquko: amakhono okufunda okwehlukahlukene kanye nomklamo ogcina ubumfihlo—ukuxazulula izithiyo ezimbili ezinkulu zomlando ekwamukelweni: ukuzivumelanisa nemvelo okulinganiselwe kanye nezingqinamba zobumfihlo.
1. I-Cross-Modal AI: Ukunemba Okungu-24/7 Kuzo Zonke Izimo
Elinye lezinselelo ezinkulu ezisobala ezisetshenziswa izinhlelo ezibona ngezithombe kwakuwukuqiniseka kwezimo ezahlukene zokukhanya. Amamodeli ajwayelekile ezithombeni zekhompyutha ayebhekana nobunzima ekuboneni abahamba ngezinyawo ebusuku (ngokusekelwa amakhamera e-infrared) noma elangeni eliqinile, njengoba idatha evela ekukhanyeni okubonakalayo kanye nezinzwa ze-infrared yayingahambelani. Lokho kushintshe ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa nokuvumelanisa ulwazi lwezindlela ezihlukahlukene (CKDA), okuyimpumelelo eyethulwe ososayensi abavela eNyuvesi yasePeking e-AAAI 2026. Le ndlela isebenzisa izinhlelo ezimbili ze-AI ukuhlukanisa nokuvumelanisa ulwazi oluvela emakhamereni okukhanya okubonakalayo kanye ne-infrared:
• Imodyuli eyinhloko yokukhuthaza ehlangene ihlanganisa izici ezihlangene (njengokuma komzimba womuntu) ezihambisana kokubili ekukhanyeni okubonakalayo nokukhanya okungabonakali, iqeda umsindo ongokwemodality.
• Imoduli eyodwa eqondile yokuphakamisa iqinisa izici ezihlukile (njengezimpawu zokushisa ku-infrared noma umbala ekukhanyeni okubonakalayo) ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunemba kokutholwa ezimweni ezithile.
Umphumela? I-CKDA ifinyelela i-mAP (mean Average Precision) ejwayelekile engu-36.3% kanye nokunemba kwe-R1 engu-39.4% emisebenzini yokuphinda ukhombe abahamba ngezinyawo impilo yonke—idlula zonke izinhlelo zangaphambili. Emadolobheni nasezindaweni, lokhu kusho ukuqapha abahamba ngezinyawo ubusuku nemini okusebenza ngokuthembekile ngo-2 AM njengoba kwenza ngo-12 emini, ngaphandle kwesidingo sezinhlelo ezihlukene zasebusuku nezesuku.
2. Ubumfihlo-ngokuqanjwa: Ukuhlaziya Ngaphandle Kokuyekethisa
Izinkinga zobumfihlo bezisikhathi eside ziyisithiyo ekwamukelweni okubanzi kwe-video analytics. Abagxeki babekhathazekile ukuthi amakhamera angase aqoqe idatha yomuntu siqu ezithinta ubumfihlo (njengezici zobuso noma izingubo) ezingasebenziswa kabi. Izinhlelo zanamuhla ezisekelwe embonweni zixazulula lokhu ngamamodeli alula okudida ngokumelene nezinto ezibukwayo aqinisekisa idatha yevidiyo emaphethelweni (okungukuthi, ngqo ekhamereni) ngaphambi kokudlulisa idatha efwini. Lezi zimodeli zigcina kuphela ulwazi olubalulekile oludingekayo ekutholeni abahamba ngezinyawo (njengezindlela zokuhamba kanye nokuminyana kwesixuku) ngenkathi zifihla imininingwane ebonisa umuntu. Okubalulekile ukuthi, idatha edidiyiwe ihlala ihambisana nezinto ezithola izinto ezijwayelekile, ngakho-ke akukho ukulahleka kokunemba—konke ngenkathi kuvinjelwa izindlela zokubona izici zabahamba ngezinyawo ukuthi zikhiphe ulwazi olubalulekile.
Lokhu kucatshangelwa kobumfihlo kuqinisekisa ukuthobela imithetho yomhlaba wonke njenge-GDPR ne-CCPA, kwenza ukuhlaziya okusekelwe embonweni kube isixazululo esisebenzayo ezindaweni zomphakathi.
Impumelelo Yangempela: Indlela Izibalo Ezisekelwe Embonweni Eziguqula Izimboni Ezibalulekile
Ukuhlanganiswa kokunemba okungu-24/7 nokuhambisana nobumfihlo kwenze izibalo ezisekelwe embonweni zibe yisidingo kuyo yonke imikhakha eminingi. Ngezansi kunezimo ezintathu ezivelele ezibonisa inani lazo elisebenzayo:
1. Izindawo Ezinkulu: Ukuphathwa Kwesixuku Okunamandla ukuze Kuvikeleke kanye Nolwazi
Izindawo ezifana ne-National Exhibition Centre (NEC) yase-UK—enye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu zemicimbi eYurophu, eyamukela izivakashi eziyizigidi ezingu-3 minyaka yonke—ibhekana nezinselelo ezihlukile: izinguquko zansuku zonke ekuhlelweni kwendawo, ubukhulu obuhlukahlukene bezixuku (kusuka kubahambeli abangu-1,000 kuya ku-50,000+), kanye nesidingo sokuzivumelanisa ngokushesha nezingozi zokuphepha. Ngokusebenzisana ne-Intel ne-WaitTime, i-NEC yethule uhlelo olusekelwe embonweni olunamandla ama-5th Gen Intel Xeon Scalable processors kanye ne-real-time AI analytics. Isixazululo sisebenzisa amakhamera ahlakaniphile e-Cisco Meraki ukuthwebula imifudlana yevidiyo, egaywa endaweni ukuze ilethe:
• Ukuqapha ukuhamba kwabantu ngesikhathi sangempela ngokunemba okungu-95%+, noma lapho izindawo zokungena/ukuphuma zishintsha ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zemicimbi.
• Izexwayiso ezizenzakalelayo lapho ukuminyana kwesixuku kudlula imingcele ephephile, kuvumela abasebenzi ukuthi baqondise kabusha ukuhamba kwabantu ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
• Amadeshibhodi ezibalo zomlando aqhathanisa amaphethini esixuku kuwo wonke imicimbi, asiza i-NEC ukuthi ilungise ukwabiwa kwezinsiza (isib. ukwengeza izindawo zokudla noma abasebenzi bezokuphepha ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi).
Umphumela? I-NEC yenze ngcono ukusebenza kahle ngo-30% futhi yenze ngcono ukwaneliseka kwezivakashi ngokunciphisa izikhathi zokulinda nezehlakalo zokuphepha. “I-WaitTime yafinyelela ngokuphelele izidingo zethu,” kuphawula uRobert Bowell, i-IT PMO Manager kwa-NEC Group. “Yenza izinqubo zethu zibe ngezenziwayo futhi yahlanganiswa nesistimu yethu yokuphatha imicimbi, isinikeza izibalo zesikhathi sangempela zabantu kunoma iyiphi ihholo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi”.
2. Ithrafikhi Yasemadoleni: Ukwenza kahle izimpawu nokunciphisa ukuminyana
Izimpambano ezimatasa ziyisithiyo kubahamba ngezinyawo nezimoto. Izimpawu zomgwaqo ezijwayelekile zisebenzisa isikhathi esinqunyiwe, esihluleka ukubhekana nokushintshashintsha kokuhamba kwabantu (isibonelo, ukwanda kwabantu abasebenzayo ngesikhathi samahora aphezulu noma imindeni ephuma esikoleni esiseduze). Ukuhlaziywa okusekelwe embonweni kuxazulula lokhu ngokunikeza idatha yesikhathi sangempela ngobuningi babahamba ngezinyawo, isivinini sokuwela, nezikhathi zokulinda. Ngokwesibonelo, kuphrojekthi yokuhlola endaweni eyinhlanganisela yezindawo zokuhweba nezokuhlala emzini omkhulu waseShayina, iziphathimandla zezimoto zisebenzise amakhamera anikwe amandla yi-AI ukulungisa izikhathi zezimpawu ngokuguquguquka. Phakathi namahora aphezulu, uhlelo lwelule isikhathi sokuhamba kwabantu lapho ubuningi babantu budlula umkhawulo; phakathi namahora angaphandle, lwalufinyeza ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhamba kwezimoto.
Imiphumela ibimangalisa: izikhathi zokulinda abahamba ngezinyawo zehle ngo-40%, futhi ukuminyana kwezimoto kwehle ngo-25%. Uhlelo futhi luthole izenzo eziyingozi (njengokuwela umgwaqo ngokungemthetho) futhi lwaqala izexwayiso eziqondisiwe kumakhamera okusiza ukuphepha aseduze, kunciphisa izingozi zabahamba ngezinyawo ngo-18%.
3. Ezokuthutha Zomphakathi: Ukuthuthukisa Ukufinyeleleka Nokuphepha
Izikhumulo zezindiza, iziteshi zezitimela, kanye nezinhlelo zemetro ziphethe izigidi zabahambi nsuku zonke, zinobunzima obuyingqayizivele njengabahambi abathwele imithwalo, amapulatifomu agcwele abantu, nezindawo ezinqatshelwe. Ukuhlaziya okusekelwe emibonweni kusiza abaqhubi bezokuthutha ukuthi babheke izindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu (isibonelo, imiphetho yamapulatifomu, izindawo zokuphepha) futhi babone izinto ezingajwayelekile ngesikhathi sangempela. Ngokwesibonelo, esikhumulweni sezindiza esikhulu, amakhamera athola lapho umuntu ehamba kancane endaweni enqatshelwe noma egijima ngasegate lokugibela—kuvusa izexwayiso kubasebenzi bezokuphepha. Eziteshini zemetro, uhlelo lubheka ukuminyana kwabantu emapulatifomu ukuze kuvinjelwe ukugcwala ngokweqile futhi luthola ukuwa noma izimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha, okuvumela izikhathi zokuphendula ezisheshayo.
Ukuqaliswa Kwezibalo Ezisekelwe Embonweni: Izinto Ezibalulekile Zokuphumelela
Nakuba izinzuzo zicacile, ukuqaliswa ngempumelelo kwezibalo zabahamba ngezinyawo ezisekelwe embonweni kudinga ukuhlelwa ngokucophelela. Nansi imicabango emine ebalulekile okufanele icatshangelwe:
1. Khetha Ihadiwe Elilungile Lokucubungula Emngceleni
Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngesikhathi sangempela nokuthobela imithetho yobumfihlo, khetha ihadiwe esekela ukucubungula kudivayisi. Amaphrosesa afana nama-chip e-5th Gen Intel Xeon Scalable anokukhawuleza kwe-AI okwakhelwe ngaphakathi, okuvumela ukubambezeleka okuseduze nokungabikho kwesikhathi sokuhlaziya ividiyo ngaphandle kwesidingo sehadiwe elizinikezele. Amadivayisi e-Edge nawo anciphisa izindleko ze-bandwidth ngokudlulisa kuphela imininingwane ecubunguliwe (hhayi ividiyo eluhlaza) efwini.
2. Phambili i-Scalability ne-Flexibility
Bheka izixazululo ezivumelana nezindawo eziguquguqukayo—kungaba ukuhlelwa kwemicimbi yesikhashana (njengezihlalisi eziguquguqukayo ze-NEC) noma indawo entsha yokwakha. Izinhlelo ezinamabhodi anembayo (njenge-WaitTime's Operations Dashboard) avumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bachaze kabusha izindawo zokuqapha, babeke izexwayiso eziyimfihlo, futhi bahlanganise namathuluzi okuphatha akhona.
3. Qinisekisa Ukuthobela Imithetho
Qinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo olukhethiwe luhlangabezana nemithetho yobumfihlo yendawo. Khetha izixazululo ezine-edge obfuscation (njengezinhlobo ezihlaselayo ezixoxwe ngaphambili) ukugwema ukuqoqa idatha ebucayi. Ubucayi buyinto ebalulekile futhi: thumela izaziso ezicacile mayelana nokuqapha ngevidiyo ezindaweni zomphakathi ukuze wakhe ukwethemba nabahamba ngezinyawo.
4. Hlangana Nezinhloso Zabathintekayo
Hlanganyela nabo bonke abathintekayo—kusukela abahleli bedolobha kuya kubasebenzi bezokuphepha—ukuchaza izilinganiso ezibalulekile (isb., imingcele yokuminyana kwabantu, izinhloso zesikhathi sokulinda). Ngokwesibonelo, idolobha lingase libeke phambili ukunciphisa izingozi zabahamba ngezinyawo, kanti indawo yokwenzeka igxila ekuthuthukiseni ulwazi lwezivakashi. Ukwenza uhlelo luhambisane nalezi zinhloso kuqinisekisa ukuthi izibalo ziletha imininingwane esebenzisekayo, hhayi idatha nje.
Ikusasa Lezibalo Zabahamba Ngezinyawo Ezisekelwe Embonweni
Njengoba i-AI kanye nombono wekhompyutha kuqhubeka nokuvela, amandla okuhlaziywa kwabantu okusekelwe embonweni azokhula kuphela. Izinto ezintathu ezizobumba ikusasa:
• Ukuhlanganiswa nama-Digital Twins: Ukuhlanganisa idatha esekelwe embonweni nobuchwepheshe be-digital twin kuzovumela amadolobha nezindawo ukuthi zilinganise ukuhamba kwabantu futhi zihlole izinguquko (njengokwakhiwa okusha kwezindawo noma ukuhlelwa kwemicimbi) ngaphambi kokusebenza.
• Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinzwa eziningi: Ukuhlanganisa idatha yokubona nezinye izinzwa (isb., iziteshi zezulu, abaqapha ikhwalithi yomoya) kuzonikeza imininingwane ephelele—isibonelo, ukulungisa imizila yabantu ngesikhathi semvula enkulu noma ukungcola komoya.
• Ukuhlaziya Okubikezelayo: Amamodeli athuthukile e-AI azodlulela ngalé kokugada ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze abike ukwanda kwezixuku, avumele ukuphathwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi (isb., ukuthumela abasebenzi abengeziwe esiteshini sezokuthutha ngaphambi kokuba umcimbi omkhulu uphele).
Isiphetho: Ikusasa Elihlakaniphile, Eliphephile Lokuhamba Kwabantu
I-analytics esekelwe embonweni ayiseyona umqondo wekusasa—iyisixazululo esisebenzayo, esiqinisekisiwe esiguqula indlela esiphatha ngayo ithrafikhi yabahamba ngezinyawo. Ngokuhlanganisa ukunemba okungu-24/7 (ngenkosi ku-AI ye-cross-modal), ubumfihlo obuklanyelwe kusukela ekuqaleni, kanye nemininingwane yesikhathi sangempela, ixazulula imikhawulo ebalulekile yezindlela zakudala. Kusukela ezindaweni ezinkulu njenge-NEC kuya ezingxenyeni eziminyene zasemadoleni, ubuchwepheshe bukwenza kube ngcono ukuphepha, kunciphise ukuminyana, futhi kuthuthukise umuzwa wabahamba ngezinyawo.
Njengoba amadolobha eba naminyene futhi eyinkimbinkimbi, i-analytics esekelwe embonweni izodlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekwakheni izindawo zasemadoleni ezihlakaniphile, ezihlala kangcono. Ezinhlanganweni ezifuna ukuhlala phambili, manje yisikhathi sokutshala kuleli buchwepheshe—hhayi nje njengethuluzi lokuqapha, kodwa njengempahla yamasu yokudala izindawo zabahamba ngezinyawo ezivikeleke kakhudlwana, eziphumelela kakhudlwana.
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