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Indlela Ama-Image Signal Processors (ISP) Athuthukisa Ngayo Okukhishwayo Kwemojula Yekhamera
Kwadalwa ngo 10.09
Hamba kunoma yimuphi umbukiso wokuhweba ngezinto zikagesi, futhi uzobona amamojula amakhamera amaningi eziqhakambisa ngezicaciso ezifanayo zesithombi-sithwebuli—isixazululo esifanayo, usayizi wephikseli ofanayo, uhlobo lwesithombi-sithwebuli olufanayo. Kodwa-ke, uma uwabeka ndawonye ocwaningweni lwangempela, imiphumela ingahluka ngendlela emangazayo. Elinye linikeza umbala ohlanzekile, onembile ekukhanyeni okuphansi; elinye likhiqiza umsindo, ividiyo ephuziwe. Elinye lithwebula imininingwane kokubili emafasiteleni akhanyayo nasemakhoneni anomthunzi; elinye lishisa okugqamile noma licindezele okumnyama ngendlela engasalungiseki.
Uma inzwa ifana, igeja livela kuphi?
Ezinhlelweni eziningi zokubona ezishumekiwe, impendulo isekhona ku- isicubunguli sesignali yesithombe (ISP)—umsebenzi ongadunyiswanga ohlezi phakathi kokukhishwa kwenzwa eluhlaza kanye nesithombe sokugcina esisetshenziswa idivayisi yakho. Kude nokuba "isihlungi" esilula noma umcabango wakamuva, i-ISP ebekwe kahle iyona eguqula idatha yenzwa eluhlaza ibe ngumkhiqizo wokuthwebula izithombe osebenzisekayo, ophindaphindekayo, nosezingeni eliphezulu. Yisizathu esenza amamojula amabili anezinzwa ezifanayo asebenze njengemikhiqizo emibili ehluke ngokuphelele.
Lesi sihloko sichaza ukuthi ama-ISP enza ini ngempela ngaphakathi kwemojula yekhamera, indlela abumba ngayo zonke izici zekhwalithi yesithombe, nokuthi kungani ukukhetha imojula enepayipi le-ISP elakhiwe kahle kubaluleke kakhulu kunokulandela izinombolo eziphezulu zama-megapixel.
Indima Yangempela Ye-ISP Ohlelweni Lwemojula Yekhamera
Ukuze uqonde ukubaluleka kwe-ISP, kufanele uqale uyeke umqondo wokuthi inzwa yesithombe ikhiqiza isithombe esiphelele. Ayikwenzi.
Inzwa yesithombe ye-CMOS ithwebula ukukhanya futhi ikuguqule kube amasignali kagesi, bese kube amanani edijithali aluhlaza. Lokho okuphuma enzweni kubizwa nge-RAW data—igridi yamanani okukhanya okulodwa, ehlungiwe nge-color filter array (ngokuvamile iphethini ye-Bayer ebomvu, eluhlaza, neblue). Le datha ayisona isithombe. Ayinakho ukulinganisela okulungile kokumhlophe, ayinakho ukumelwa kombala okufanele, umsindo obonakalayo, ukuchayeka okungalingani, futhi ayinakho ukucwengwa okulindele ekhamera esebenzisekayo.
Umsebenzi we-ISP ukuthatha lokho kuphuma kwenzwa okuluhlaza, okungacutshungulwanga futhi kukuguqule kube isithombe esibonakalayo, esinembile, sekhwalithi ephezulu noma umsakazo wevidiyo. Empeleni, iyigumbi elimnyama ledijithali lemoduli yekhamera—ngaphandle kokuthi isebenza ngesikhathi sangempela, ifreyimu ngemva kwefremu, ngokuvamile ngamafreyimu angu-30 noma angu-60 ngomzuzwana.
Kumamojuli amaningi ekhamera ashumekiwe, i-ISP ifakwa ngqo kumphakethe wemojuli noma ibhangqwe nenzwa ebhodini elifanayo. Kwamanye, ihlala ku-SoC yomphathi. Noma ngabe yikuphi, ukwakheka kwendlela yokusebenza kanye nokulungiswa yikho okuchaza ukusebenza kwangempela kwemojuli.
Yingakho amaspredishithi kuphela edukisayo. Amashidi edatha yenzwa akutshela ukusebenza okuphezulu okungaba khona. Ukulungiswa kwe-ISP kunquma ukuthi kungakanani kwalokho okungaba khona okutholayo empeleni.
I-Core ISP Pipeline: Isinyathelo Ngesinyathelo Ukuthuthukiswa Kwekhwalithi Yesithombe
I-ISP yesimanje isebenzisa amabhulokhi amaningi okucubungula ngokulandelana. Isinyathelo ngasinye silungisa iphutha elithile kudatha yenzwa eluhlaza noma sithuthukisa isici esithile sekhwalithi yesithombe. Ukweqa noma ukusebenzisa kabi noma yisiphi isinyathelo esisodwa kudala umgoqo obonakalayo.
Ngezansi kunezigaba ezinomthelela omkhulu nokuthi zithuthukisa kanjani ngqo umphumela wemojuli yekhamera.
1. Ukulungiswa Kwephikseli Elineziphutha
Zonke izinzwa zezithombe zinezinga elincane lamaphikseli afile, abambekile, noma ashisayo—amaphikseli ahlala efundwa njengakhanya kakhulu, amnyama kakhulu, noma anombala ogxilile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nangokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, amanye amaningi angavela. Uma engalungiswa, avela njengamachashaza anemibala aphazamisayo noma amachashaza amhlophe kuzo zonke izithombe, ikakhulukazi ezigcawini ezimnyama.
I-ISP ithola amanani amaphikseli angajwayelekile ngokuqhathanisa iphikseli ngayinye nomakhelwane bayo. Ibese ithatha indawo yephikseli elibi ngenani elihlanganisiwe elivela kumaphikseli anempilo azungezile. Ukusetshenziswa okuhle kwe-ISP kwenza lokhu ngendlela eguquguqukayo, ngakho kulungisa izinkinga zangempela ngaphandle kokufiphalisa imininingwane yangempela.
Kumamojuli ekhamera ahloselwe ukuhlolwa kwezimboni, ezokuphepha, noma ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha, lesi sinyathelo asinakugwenywa. Iphikseli elilodwa elibambekile ohlelweni lokubona ngomshini lingadala ukutholwa okungamanga noma amaphutha okulinganisa.
2. Ukulungiswa Kokusitheka Kwelensi Nokuncipha Kokukhanya Emaphethelweni
Amalensi ekhamera ngokwemvelo akhiqiza ukukhanya okukhanyayo phakathi nendawo yesithombe nokukhanya okufiphele emaphethelweni—into ebizwa ngokuthi i-vignetting noma i-lens shading. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushintsha kombala kungenzeka, lapho amakhona eshintsha khona ibala elihlukile ngenxa yekhona kokukhanya okushaya i-color filter array.
I-ISP isebenzisa imephu yokwandisa yedijithali kuso sonke isithombe, ikhanyise amakhona nemiphetho ukuze ifane nokukhanya kwaphakathi nendawo, futhi ilungise ukushintsha kombala ngephikseli ngayinye. Ama-ISP athuthukile enza lokhu ngesiteshi sombala ngasinye futhi angakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezilungiselelo ezahlukene ze-aperture nezindawo zelensi.
Umphumela uba isithombe esifanayo kakhulu kuyo yonke indawo yokubuka. Ekuskeneni imibhalo, ekuboneni ama-license plate, nakuzo zonke izimo lapho ukufana emaphethelweni kubalulekile, lokhu kulungisa kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuthembeka komphumela.
3. I-Demosaicing (De-Bayering)
Ngenxa yokuthi iphikseli ngayinye kusensori ye-Bayer irekhoda umbala owodwa kuphela (obomvu, oluhlaza, noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka), i-ISP kufanele igcwalise imibala emibili engekho kuyo yonke iphikseli. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-demosaicing noma i-de-bayering, futhi ingesinye sezinyathelo eziyisisekelo kakhulu ohlelweni.
Ama-algorithms alula e-demosaicing akhiqiza izinto ezibonakalayo ezingafuneki: i-color moiré kumaphethini amancane, imiphetho ye-zipper emigqeni, kanye ne-false color fringing. Ama-ISP ekhwalithi ephezulu asebenzisa ama-algorithms ashintshashintshayo, aqaphela imiphetho, athola imiphetho kanye ne-texture bese esebenzisa imithetho ehlukene yokufaka esikhundleni ngokufanele. Agcina ukubukhali lapho kunemininingwane futhi agweme ukudala umbala ongelona iqiniso lapho amaphethini engakhohlisa izindlela ezilula.
Ikhwalithi ye-demosaicing inethonya elikhulu ekubukekeni kokubukhali nokunemba kombala. I-ISP eshibhile ene-algorithm eyisisekelo ye-bilinear ingenzi isensori enokulungiswa okuphezulu ibukeke ithambile futhi ingacaci. I-ISP ebizayo ene-demosaicing ethuthukisiwe ingakhipha imininingwane eminingi yangempela kusensori efanayo.
4. Ukulinganisa Umbala Omhlophe Okuzenzakalelayo (AWB)
Amehlo ethu azishintsha ngokuzenzakalela emithonjeni ehlukene yokukhanya ukuze into emhlophe ibonakale imhlophe ngaphansi kwelanga, i-LED yasehhovisi, noma izibani zangaphakathi ezifudumele. Izinzwa zezithombe azenzi kanjalo. Ngaphandle kokulungiswa, izigcawu zangaphakathi zibonakala ziphuzi-orange, futhi izigcawu zangaphandle ezisemthunzini zibonakala ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
I-auto white balance yikhono le-ISP lokulinganisa izinga lokushisa kombala yesigcawu nokulungisa ukuzuza kwesiteshi esibomvu, esiluhlaza, nesiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukuze imibala engathathi hlangothi ibonakale ingathathi hlangothi.
I-AWB eyisisekelo isebenza ngezibalo ezilula zomhlaba wonke futhi ihluleka kalula ngaphansi kokukhanya okuxubile—isibonelo, igumbi elinezibani zophahla ezifudumele kanye nokukhanya kwemini okupholile okuvela efasiteleni. Ama-ISP angcono asebenzisa ukuhlaziywa kwezindawo eziningi, ukumephu yezinga lokushisa kombala, kanye nezinkomba zencazelo ukuze abhekane nokukhanya okuxubile ngomusa.
Ekuthwebuleni izithombe zomkhiqizo, ukubonwa kobuso, kanye nezinhlelo zezimboni ezibhekene nombala, i-white balance engaguquki futhi enembile ayisona isici sokuhlobisa—ithinta ngqo ukunemba kwesistimu.
5. Ukunciphisa Umsindo
Umsindo yisithungo esimahhadlahhadla, esinamachashaza owubonayo ezithombeni ezinokukhanya okuphansi. Uvela emithonjeni eminingi: ukushisa kwenzwa, ukuzuza kwe-ISO ephezulu, kanye nokungahleliwe okungokwemvelo kokuthwebula kwama-photon.
Ama-ISP asebenzisa izendlalelo eziningi zokunciphisa umsindo ezigabeni ezahlukene zomgudu. Ukunciphisa umsindo kwendawo okungu-2D kushelela amachashaza ngenkathi kuzama ukugcina imiphetho. Ukunciphisa umsindo kwesikhathi okungu-3D kuqhathanisa amafreyimu amaningi alandelanayo futhi kususa umsindo oshintshayo kusuka kufreyimu kuya kufreyimu, okusebenza kahle kakhulu kuvidiyo.
Inselele ihlala ifana: nciphisa umsindo ngaphandle kokusula imininingwane emihle noma ukudala ukubukeka okupulasitiki, okucutshungulwe ngokweqile. Ama-ISP ashibhile avame ukusebenzisa ukufiphalisa okunzima okubulala imininingwane. Ama-ISP asezingeni eliphezulu asebenzisa izihlungi eziguquguqukayo, ezigcina imiphetho kanye nokunciphisa umsindo okusizwa yi-AI okukwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi komsindo nokuthungwa kwangempela.
Yilapha lapho umehluko omkhulu wokusebenza kokukhanya okuphansi ubonakala khona phakathi kwamamojula ekhamera. Amamojula amabili anenzwa efanayo angahluka ngesigaba esisodwa noma ezimbili zokuzwela kokukhanya okuphansi okusebenzisekayo ngokusekelwe kuphela ekhwalithini yokunciphisa umsindo ye-ISP.
6. Ukuchayeka kanye Nokuhlelwa Kwethoni
Inzwa ithwebula ububanzi obuthile bokukhanya, kodwa izibonisi kanye nokubona komuntu kusebenza ngendlela ehlukile. I-ISP kufanele ihlele ububanzi obuguquguqukayo benzwa eluhlaza ibe yijika lokukhipha elibukekayo.
Ezigcawini ezinokungafani okukhulu—njengomuntu omi phambi kwefasitela elikhanyayo—i-ISP eyisisekelo izokwenza ukuchayeka komuntu bese ikhipha ifasitela libe mhlophe qwa, noma ichayeke ifasitela bese yenza umuntu abe yisithunzi esimnyama.
Ama-ISP esimanje axazulula lokhu ngokucubungula kwe-HDR (ububanzi obukhulu obuguquguqukayo) kokuchayeka okuningi. Ahlanganisa ukuchayeka okubili noma ngaphezulu okuthathwe ngesivinini sokufaka esihlukile, akuhlanganise kube yifreyimu eyodwa enobubanzi obukhulu obuguquguqukayo, bese esebenzisa ukuhlelwa kwethoni ukucindezela lobo bubanzi bube yinto engaboniswa isibonisi esijwayelekile.
Ukucutshungulwa okuhle kwe-HDR kugcina imininingwane kukho kokubili okugqamile kanye nezithunzi ngaphandle kokudala ama-halo okungekho emvelo, izithombe ezibukeka zisicaba, noma ama-ghosting artifacts avela ezintweni ezinyakazayo. Kumakhamera okuphepha, ama-dashcam, nokubhekwa kwangaphandle, amandla e-HDR ngokuvamile ayisici esisodwa esibaluleke kakhulu sekhwalithi yokuphuma.
7. Ukulungiswa Kombala Nokuphathwa Kombala
Izinzwa aziboni umbala ngendlela abantu ababona ngayo. Isinzwa ngasinye sinendlela yaso yokusabela emisebeni yokukhanya, futhi amanani ombala aluhlaza awahambisani ngqo nezikhala zombala ezijwayelekile njenge-sRGB noma i-Rec. 709.
I-ISP isebenzisa i-color correction matrix (CCM) ukuguqula imibala yemvelo yesinzwa ibe yindawo yombala ejwayelekile. Iphinde ilungise ukugcwala kombala, umbala, nokunikezwa kombala okuphelele ukuze kuhambisane nokubukeka okufunayo—kungaba umbala onembile ongathathi hlangothi wokulinganisa kwezimboni, noma umbala ocacile ojabulisayo wemikhiqizo yabathengi.
Lesi sigaba yilapho iningi le-“character” yekhamera lisuka khona. Amamojula amabili anesenzwa efanayo angaba nokukhiqizwa kombala okuhluke ngokuphelele: okunye okwemvelo nokungathathi hlangothi, okunye okugcwele futhi okunamandla—konke kuncike ekutheni i-ISP color pipeline ilungiswa kanjani.
Ezimweni zokusetshenziswa ezifana nokuthwebula izithombe zezempilo, ukuhlolwa kokudla, noma ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yendwangu, ukunemba kombala kuyisidingo sokusebenza, hhayi ukuthanda kobuhle. I-ISP pipeline elungiswe kahle iqinisekisa umphumela wombala ongaguquguquki futhi ophindaphindekayo kuyo yonke iyunithi.
8. Ukucijisa nokuthuthukisa imininingwane
Ngenxa yokuthi amalensi, i-demosaicing, kanye nokunciphisa umsindo konke kuthambisa isithombe kancane, ama-ISP asebenzisa ukucijisa ekugcineni kwe-pipeline ukuze abuyisele imininingwane ebonakalayo.
Ukucijisa okuhle kuyazivumelanisa: kuthuthukisa imiphetho yangempela kanye nokuthungwa okucolekile ngaphandle kokukhulisa umsindo noma ukudala ama-halo amabi emaphethelweni anokugqama okuphezulu. Ukucijisa okubi kudala ukubukeka okugqamile nokucutshungulwe ngokweqile okunezinto ezibonakalayo zomphetho.
Ama-ISP athuthukile angasebenzisa futhi ukuthuthukisa imininingwane ekhethekile—ukukhulisa ukuthungwa emabhendini athile emvamisa kuyilapho kushiya izindawo ezibushelelezi zodwa—ukuze kutholakale umphumela wemvelo kakhulu.
Ngale Kwezisekelo: Amakhono Asezingeni Eliphezulu e-ISP Achaza Kabusha Ukusebenza Kwemojuli
Izinyathelo zepayipi elingenhla ziyisisekelo sanoma iyiphi i-ISP efanele. Amamojuli amakhamera anamuhla asebenzisa ama-ISP ahamba phambili kakhulu, engeza izici ezishintsha ngokuyisisekelo lokho umojuli ongakwenza.
Ukucubungula Okuthuthukiswa yi-AI
Ushintsho olukhulu eminyakeni yakamuva ukuhlanganiswa kwama-accelerator e-AI kanye nezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha zendabuko ze-ISP. Esikhundleni sokusebenzisa izihlungi zezibalo ezingaguquki, ama-AI-ISP asebenzisa amanethiwekhi e-neural aqeqeshwe ezigidini zezithombe ukwenza imisebenzi efana:
• Ukunciphisa umsindo okugcina ukuthungwa okucolekile kangcono kunanoma iyiphi i-algorithm yakudala
• Ukuhlanganisa i-HDR okugwema isipoki ezintweni ezinyakazayo
• Ukutholwa kobuso nokulungiswa kokuchayeka okuzenzakalelayo/ibhalansi emhlophe ezenzakalelayo yobuso
• Ukutholwa kwesigcawu okuzilungisa ngokuzenzakalela izinga lepharamitha yomgudu wokudlulisa umfanekiso ngenkathi kuthathwa izithombe zomhlaba, zomuntu, zokukhanya okuphansi, noma zokukhanya okusemva
Lokhu akukona nje ukukhangisa. Ama-AI ISP avamise ukuletha amazinga angu-1–2 angcono wokusebenza ekukhanyeni okuphansi kanye nomphumela we-HDR ohlanzekile kunemiklamo evamile, kusetshenziswa isenzwa esifanayo ncamashi. Kubathengi bamakhompiyutha ekhamera, kusho ukuthi ungathola ikhwalithi yesithombe engcono ngaphandle kokudlulela esenzweni esikhulu futhi esibiza kakhulu.
Ukuzinzisa Isithombe Ngesikhathi Sangempela
Kumakhamera aphathwayo, amakhamera agqokwayo, kanye namadivayisi agxunyekwe emishinini enyakazayo, ukufiphala kokunyakaza kanye namavidiyo anyakazayo konakalisa kakhulu umphumela osebenzisekayo.
Ama-ISP anokuzinzisa isithombe ngogesi (EIS) okwakhelwe ngaphakathi asebenzisa idatha yenzwa yokunyakaza (evela ku-IMU) kanye nokusikwa nokujikwa kwefreyimu ukwenza buthule ukunyakaza ngesikhathi sangempela. Izinguqulo ezithuthuke kakhulu zihlanganisa ukuzinzisa ngokubona (OIS) nokulungiswa kwedijithali ukuze kutholakale imiphumela engcono nakakhulu.
Umphumela wokugcina yizithombe ezicwebezelayo namavidiyo abushelelezi, ikakhulukazi ekukhanyeni okuphansi lapho isivinini sokucisha siba side.
Ukulungiswa Kokugwegwesa Nokubona Ngezindlela Ezahlukene
Amalensi e-wide-angle, avamile kumakhamera okuphepha, ezimoto, kanye namakhamera esenzo, akhiqiza ukugwegwesa kwe-barrel—imigqa eqondile eduze kwemiphetho igobeka ngaphandle. Amalensi e-fisheye adlulele kakhulu.
I-ISP ingafaka ukulungiswa kwejiyometri ngesikhathi sangempela, iguqule isithombe ukuze isuse ukugwegwesa kwelensi futhi ikhiqize umphumela we-rectilinear. Ezenzakalweni ezinjengamakhamera okusiza ukupaka noma ukuqapha kwefektri, lokhu kwenza izilinganiso nezinqumo zesikhala zithembeke kakhulu.
Ukuhlaziya Okusebenzayo Kanye Nemethadatha
Ama-ISP amaningi esimanje awakhiqizi nje isithombe—akhipha ulwazi kuso. Angakhipha imethadatha kanye nefreyimu ngayinye: amanani okuchayeka, izilungiselelo zokulinganisa okumhlophe, ibanga lokugxila, izindawo ezithakazelayo, kanye nemiphumela yokutholwa njengezixhumanisi zobuso noma ama-vector okunyakaza.
Kumasistimu amakhamera ahlakaniphile, lokhu kunciphisa umthwalo wokucubungula komsingathi futhi kwenza ukuhlaziya okusheshayo nokusebenza kahle kakhulu. Imojuli yekhamera iba ngaphezu kwenzwa yesithombe; iba indawo yokubona ehlakaniphile.
Indlela Ukulungiswa Kwe-ISP Okubumba Ngayo Ukusebenza Kwemojuli Yekhamera Yangempela
Nali iqiniso elingavamile ukuvela kumashethi wedatha: ishiphu ye-ISP efanayo ingaletha imiphumela ehluke kakhulu kuye ngokuthi ilungiswe kanjani.
Ukulungiswa kwe-ISP kuyinqubo yokulinganisa yonke ipharamitha kuphayiphu—amandla okunciphisa umsindo, amamethrikhi okulungisa umbala, amaphoyinti okulinganisa okumhlophe, amajika e-HDR, amazinga okucija—ukuze kuhambisane nenzwa ethile, ilensi, kanye nohlelo lokusetshenziswa okuqondiwe. Kuwumsebenzi wobunjiniyela wezinyanga, owenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo zokukhanyisa ezilawulwayo, kuzigaba zokuhlola ezingamakhulu.
Abathengisi bemojuli yekhamera abatshala imali ekulungiseni okufanele bakhiqiza amamojuli anazo:
• Umbala nokuchayeka okungaguquguquki kulo lonke iqoqo lokukhiqiza
• Ukusebenza okuthembekile kumasimo ahlukene okushisa kokukhanya namazinga okukhanya
• Ama-artifact ambalwa kanye nokukhipha okubukeka kwemvelo
• Ukusebenza okungcono ezimeni ezinjengokukhanya kwangemuva, ukukhanya okuphansi, nokuhluka okuphezulu
Abathengisi abeqa ukulungisa okufanele basebenzisa izilungiselelo ezejwayelekile ezivela kumkhiqizi we-chip ye-ISP. Umphumela uba yimojuli ebukeka kahle ebhentshini lesibonelo ekukhanyeni okukhulu kwehhovisi kodwa ehluleka ezimeni zangempela zokusebenza.
Yingakho amamojuli amabili anenzwa efanayo kanye ne-chip ye-ISP efanayo angasebenza ngendlela ehluke kakhulu. Izingxenye zomshini ziyingxenye yendaba kuphela. Ikhwalithi yokulungisa iyingxenye enye.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-ISP Ngokusetshenziswa: Usayizi Munye Awulingani Wonke Umuntu
Iphayiphi ye-ISP enhle ayilona "ihle" ngokwendalo yonke. Ilungiselelwe umsebenzi othile. Ukulungiswa okuhle kwekhamera yezokuphepha yokudayisa akukona ukulungiswa okuhle kwekhamera yezempilo yesikhumba.
Ezokuphepha Nokuqapha
Kumakhamera ezokuphepha, izinto ezibalulekile yilezi:
• Ukusebenza okunamandla kokukhanya okuphansi kanye nokunciphisa umsindo
• I-HDR enhle kakhulu yokubhekana nokukhanya kwangemuva kanye namalambu akhanyayo
• Imininingwane ebukhali kulo lonke uhlaka lokuhlonza
• Ukukhanya okuzinzile, okungaguquguquki ngaphansi kwezimo zokukhanya ezishintshayo
Ama-ISP alungiselelwe ukuqapha ngokuvamile abeka phambili ukunciphisa umsindo kanye nobubanzi obuguquguqukayo kunokuba kube bukhali kakhulu, futhi afaka izici ezifana ne-WDR yangempela (ububanzi obuguquguqukayo obukhulu) kanye nokunciphisa umsindo kwe-3D ukuze kusetshenziswe ubusuku nemini.
I-Industrial ne-Machine Vision
Amamojuli ezimboni abeka phambili:
• Umbala ojwayelekile, ophindaphindekayo kanye ne-geometry
• Ukucubungula okuncane okungaphazamisa isilinganiso
• Ukuphendula okulandelanayo nokuchayeka okungaguquguquki
• Ukubambezeleka okuphansi
Ama-ISP okubona ngomshini avame ukusebenzisa ukucija okulula nokunikezwa kombala okungathathi hlangothi. Angase asekele ukukhishwa okungahluziwe ukuze isistimu yomphathi isebenzise ukucubungula kwayo.
Izimoto kanye ne-ADAS
Amakhamera ezimoto adinga:
• Ukucubungula kwe-HDR okusheshayo kakhulu kokukhanya okushintshayo ngokushesha (ukungena/ukuphuma emihumeni)
• Ukumelana nokukhanya okushintshayo okuvela kumalambu e-LED kanye namalambu emigwaqo
• Ukusebenza okuthembekile emazingeni okushisa adlulele
• Ukuhambisana nokuphepha okusebenzayo
Ama-ISP ezinga lezimoto afaka amasekhethi akhethekile okunciphisa ukugwaza futhi afanelekela amazinga okushisa abanzi kakhulu kunalezo zezingxenye zabathengi.
Abathengi Nokuxhumana Ngevidiyo
Amamojuli abhekene nabathengi abeka phambili:
• Amathoni esikhumba ajabulisayo, emvelo
• Ukukhanya kobuso okuhle ngaphansi kokukhanya kwangemuva
• Umphumela wevidiyo obushelelezi, ohlanzekile
• Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi
Ama-ISP alezi zinhlelo zokusebenza ngokuvamile afaka i-AE/AWB eqaphela ubuso esindayo kanye nokucubungula kwesitayela se-beauty-mode, okulungiselelwe ukukhanga okubonakalayo okucabangelayo esikhundleni sokunemba kokulinganisa.
Okufanele Ukubheke Lapho Uhlola Ukusebenza Kwe-ISP Yemojuli Yekhamera
Njengoba izinga le-ISP lingaveli emugqeni olula wencazelo, kufanele ulihlole ngokuhlola kanye nemibuzo eqondiwe.
1. Hlola ngaphansi kwezimo zokukhanya zangempela, hhayi nje ukukhanya kwedemo okukhanyayo. Umehluko omkhulu we-ISP uvela ekukhanyeni okuphansi, ekugqameni okuphezulu, nasezimeni zokushisa kombala okuxubile. Uma uhlola kuphela ngaphansi kokukhanya kwe-fluorescent yasehhovisi, uzophuthelwa umehluko omkhulu wokusebenza.
2. Bheka emaphethelweni kanye nokuthungwa okucolekile, hhayi umbono jikelele kuphela. Sondela kumbhalo, indwangu, noma amaqabunga. Qhathanisa ukuthi ingaki imininingwane egcinwayo uma iqhathaniswa naleyo elungiswa ukunciphisa umsindo. Hlola umbala ongamanga kanye ne-moiré kumaphethini aphindayo.
3. Hlola ububanzi obuguquguqukayo ngezithombe ezinokukhanya okungemuva. Beka into ethile phambi kwewindi noma umthombo wokukhanya ogqamile. Bona ukuthi imininingwane igcinwa yini kukho kokubili into kanye nengemuva. Qaphela izimpawu ze-halo ezizungeze imiphetho enokukhanya okuphezulu.
4. Hlola ukungaguquguquki phakathi kwamafreyimu kanye nezinga lokushisa. Shisa imojuli imizuzu engama-30 bese ubona ukuthi umsindo uyakhula noma imibala iyashintsha. Amapayipi e-ISP amahle afaka isinxephezelo sokushisa.
5. Buza ngomlando wokulungisa. Ingabe i-ISP yayilungiselelwe ngqo le nhlanganisela ye-sensor-lens, noma isebenzisa idizayini eyisibonelo ejwayelekile? Amamojuli anokulungiswa okwenziwe ngokwezifiso cishe ahlala edlula amamojuli edizayini eyisibonelo.
6. Cabanga ngokuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizayo. Amamojuli anama-ISP athuthukiseka nge-firmware akuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise ikhwalithi yesithombe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngaphandle kokushintsha ihadiwe. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu njengoba ama-algorithms okucubungula e-AI eqhubeka ethuthuka.
Imicabango yokuvala
Kulula ukubheka iphepha lemininingwane yemojuli yekhamera bese ugxila ekuxazululeni kwenzwa, usayizi wephikseli, kanye nokuvuleka kwelensi. Lezo zibalulekile, impela—kodwa zibeka umkhawulo ophezulu walokho okungenzeka. Isicubunguli sesignali yesithombe yisona esinquma ukuthi lingakanani lelo khono elifinyelela kumphumela.
I-ISP enhle kakhulu ingenza inzwa esezingeni eliphakathi ilethe imiphumela emihle kakhulu. I-ISP embi ingamosha ukusebenza kwezwa ephezulu. Kunoma ubani okhetha amamojula ekhamera ukuze ahlanganiswe emkhiqizweni, ukuqonda amandla e-ISP kanye nekhwalithi yokulungisa kungenye yezindlela ezinomthelela omkhulu zokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yesithombe yokugcina ngaphandle kokwandisa izindleko zezinto zokwakha.
Ngesikhathi esilandelayo uma uqhathanisa amamojula ekhamera amabili eceleni, khumbula: inzwa ithola izihloko zonke, kodwa i-ISP yenza umsebenzi omningi osindayo.
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