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Amakhamera Anikwe Amandla yi-AI Ekumathiseni Okusekelwe Amabhilidi: Kusukela Ekuthunjweni Kwemininingwane Kuya Ekwenzeni Izinqumo Ezihlakaniphile
Kwadalwa ngo 01.24
Ukumathisha ngama-drone kushintshe kakhulu indlela esibona ngayo futhi sisebenzisana ngayo nedatha yesikhala, kushintsha izimboni kusukela ekuhleleni kwamadolobha kuya ekulondolozweni kwemvelo. Nokho, into yangempela eshintsha umdlalo akuyona i-drone ngokwayo—ukuhlanganiswa kwamakhamera anikwe amandla yi-AI okwenze ukumathisha kusukela inqubo eyenziwa ngesandla, enesidingo sedatha esiningi kuya ithuluzi elihlakaniphile, elenza izinqumo ngesikhathi sangempela. Amakhamera ajwayelekile ama-drone athwebula izithombe; lawo anikwe amandla yi-AI ayakuchaza, ahlaziye, futhi enze ngokusekelwe kuleyo datha, avule ukunemba okungakaze kubonwe, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokuqonda. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuthi i-AI isishintsha kanjani. ikhamera yendiza engenamuntu amakhono, izinto ezintsha ezishukumisa ukwamukelwa, izicelo zangempela eziguqula izimboni, kanye nezitayela zesikhathi esizayo ezakha le ndawo eguquguqukayo.
Imikhawulo ye-Traditional Drone Mapping—Futhi Indlela i-AI Ehlanganisa Ngayo Isikhala
Ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa kwe-AI, ukwenza amamephu kusetshenziswa ama-drone bekubhekene nezingqinamba ezinkulu ezakhawulela amandla ayo. Ngisho namakhamera anokulungiswa okuphezulu, izithombe ezithathwe emoyeni zazihlupheka ngokusebenzisa idatha ephansi—ngokwesilinganiso, ngaphansi kuka-60% wedatha eyathwetshulwa yayisebenziseka ngenxa yezinkinga ezifana nokuhlehlisa isikhundla, ukuhlanekezelwa kwelensi, nokukhanya okungalingani. Ukulungiswa kwendabuko kwakuncike ekulungisweni kwamapharamitha ngesandla kanye nama-algorithm akhiyiwe, okuholele ekungasebenzi kahle (ngaphezu kwemizuzu emi-3 ekucubunguleni isithombe ngasinye) nokungakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi njengezindawo ezakhelene kakhulu zasemadolobheni noma izintaba eziyinkundla. Ukuhlanganisa idatha—ukuhlanganisa izithombe nedatha ye-LiDAR, i-multispectral, ne-GPS—kwakuyinqubo eyayidinga umsebenzi omningi futhi ivame amaphutha, okwenza izicelo zesikhathi sangempela cishe zingenzeki.
I-AI ixazulule lezi zinkinga ngokufaka ubuhlakani ngqo kusistimu yekhamera. Ngokungafani nezingxenyekazi ezijwayelekile ezibheka ukucubungula idatha njengento eyenziwa ngemuva kokundiza, amakhamera anikwe amandla yi-AI asebenzisa i-machine learning (ML) kanye ne-computer vision ukucubungula idatha ngesikhathi sangempela, kokubili ebhodini le-drone naselifwini. Lokhu kushintsha kusuka "ekucubunguleni kwamuva" kuya "ekuhlakanipheni ngesikhathi sokundiza" kushintshe ukwenza imephu kwe-drone kusuka kuthuluzi elichazayo (elirekhoda ukuthi yini) kuya kwelibikezelayo (elilindele ukuthi kungenzeka). Ngokwesibonelo, ekuphenduleni inhlekatshana, amakhamera e-AI manje angakwazi ukukhomba izakhiwo ezibhidlikile nabasindile abavalelwe phakathi nokundiza, kunokuba ngemuva kwamahora lapho ukucubungula kwamuva sekuqediwe.
Iziqhakambiso ze-AI Eziguqula Amakhono Ekhamera ye-Drone
Amandla e-AI kumakhamera e-drone mapping atholakala kubuchwepheshe obuthathu obuxhumene: ukulinganisa okungokoqobo kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinzwa, ukuhlukaniswa kwezihloko, nokufunda okuzivumelanisa nezimo. Ngokuhlangene, lobu buchwepheshe budala uhlelo olungagcini nje ngokuthwebula idatha esezingeni eliphezulu kodwa futhi noluyiqondayo.
1. Ukulinganisa Okungokoqobo Kwezinhlobonhlobo Zezinzwa
Izinhlelo zesimanje zokwenza amamephu nge-drone zihlanganisa izinzwa eziningi—amakhamera e-RGB anencazelo ephezulu, izinzwa ze-multispectral (ezithwebula izibhande ze-RGB, i-red edge, ne-near-infrared), i-LiDAR, kanye nezinhlelo ze-POS ezinembayo (i-GNSS/IMU)—ukuze zithwebule idatha yesikhala ebanzi. Inkinga ibilokhu iwukuhambisa le micu yedatha ehlukahlukene ngokunemba okungaphansi kwe-pixel. Izinhlaka zokulinganisa eziholwa yi-AI, njengohlelo lokubona lwe-DeepSeek multi-modal, zixazulula lokhu ngokwenza izilungiso ze-geometric, ze-radiometric, neze-semantic ngesikhathi esisodwa, kunciphisa amaphutha okuhambisa abe ngaphansi kuka-0.5 pixels.
Lokhu kuhambisana kwesikhathi sangempela kubalulekile ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukunemba, njengokwakhiwa kwamadolobha nokulondolozwa kwezinto zakudala. Ngokwesibonelo, ekulungisweni kwezindlu zakwaShikumen eShanghai, ama-drone alungiswe yi-AI ahlanganisa i-LiDAR (ukudabula ama-ivy aqinile) nezithombe ze-RGB ukwakha kabusha isakhiwo sezitini namatshe sezindlu ezineminyaka eyikhulu ngokunemba kwe-millimeter, kugwenywe ukulimala okubangelwa ukuhlola ngesandla. Inqubo yokulungisa, eyayike yaba umsebenzi owenziwa ngesandla othathe amahora, manje isenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo njengoba i-drone indiza, ngenxa yama-algorithm e-AI alungele izimo zokukhanya nezindawo eziguquguqukayo.
2. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Semantic ukuze kutholwe idatha enobuhlakani
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-semantic—ubuchwepheshe be-AI obuhlukanisa wonke iphiksela esithombeni kube izigaba ezichaziwe (isb., imigwaqo, izakhiwo, rophezulu, amanzi)—kuvumela ama-drone ukuthi “aqonde” lokho abawuthathayo. Ngokwehlukana nokuhlaziywa kwesithombe okujwayelekile okudinga ukuhumusha komuntu, amakhamera anobuchwepheshe be-AI angakhipha ngokuzenzakalelayo ulwazi olusebenzisekayo: ukuthola izindawo zokumba ezingekho emthethweni ezindaweni ezivikelwe, ukukala impilo yezitshalo ezindaweni zokulima, noma ukuthola izikhala emigwaqweni.
Ezicelo zezolimo, ubuchwepheshe bungumdlali omusha. Abakulimi eShouguang, eChina, basebenzisa izindiza ezinemishini ye-AI kanye namakhamera e-multispectral ukudala "amamephu ezempilo yezitshalo," lapho izindawo ezibomvu zikhombisa ukutheleleka kwe-late blight ezinsukwini eziyi-10 ngaphambi kokuba kubonakale izimpawu. I-AI ayithwebuli nje izithombe—incoma izinhlobo zemithi yokubulala izinambuzane kanye nezinga lokuyisebenzisa, iguqule idatha yesikhala ibe izeluleko ezisebenzayo zokulima. Ngokufanayo, emaphrojekthi okuvuselela idolobha eShenzhen, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-AI kwathola ngokuzenzakalelayo ukwakhiwa okungagunyaziwe okungu-372 ngokufanisa izinhlobo zezindiza zika-2018 no-2023, kwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokuhlola ngo-30x uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela ezenziwa ngesandla.
3. Ukufunda Okuzivumelanayo Ezindaweni Ezinokuguquguquka
Amakhamera edroni anikwe amandla yi-AI akawalandeli nje kuphela imizila yendiza eyenziwe ngaphambili—afunda futhi azivumelanise nemvelo yawo. Ama-algorithm okufunda ngomshini ahlaziya impendulo yangempela yemvelo (isb., isivinini somoya, ukuminyana komhwamuko, ukuphakama kwendawo) ukuze alungise izilungiselelo zekhamera (isinqumo, izinga lozimele, ukugxila) namapharamitha endiza ngokuzenzakalelayo. Lokhu kuzivumelanisa kubalulekile ekusebenzeni ezimweni eziyinselele, njengezintaba ze-karst eziminyene umhwamuko zaseGuizhou, lapho ama-drone e-LiDAR anikwe amandla yi-AI enqamula umhwamuko omkhulu ukuze ahlaziye indawo engaphansi ejulelwe ngamamitha ama-5, asiza onjiniyela ukuba bagweme imihume ye-karst efihlekile ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa komgwaqo omkhulu.
Ukufunda okuguquguqukayo kuvumela nokwenza imephu yamafu – izindiza ezingenamuntu ezisebenza ngokubambisana ukumboza izindawo ezinkulu ngokushesha. Ngokwesibonelo, ibutho lezindiza ezingenamuntu i-Lingfeng Zhiying ye-Bingbai Technology lisebenzisa i-AI ukwabela imisebenzi ezindizeni ezingaphezu kuka-30 ngomzuzu ongu-1, likhiqiza amamodeli we-3D anembayo kakhulu ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ezingama-5 km² ngemizuzu engu-20-30 kuphela – okufana nomsebenzi wamasonto onke wamaqembu ezinhlolovo zakudala. Ibutho liguqula izithiyo ngesikhathi sangempela, liqinisekisa ukumbozwa okuphelele ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu.
Izicelo Zangempela Eziguqula Izimboni
Amakhamera ezindiza ezingenamuntu anikwa amandla yi-AI akasewona ayingxenye yokuhlola – ayakhiqiza ngempela ukuthuthukiswa kuzo zonke izimboni, kusukela ekulondolozweni kuya engqalasizinda. Ngezansi kunezimo ezibalulekile ezikhombisa umthelela wabo oguqukayo:
Ukulondolozwa Kwemvelo: Ukuphathwa Kwezindawo Zemvelo Okusekelwe Emini
Emikolweni eyimvelo eyimfushane njengeQinghai Lake Bird Island Nature Reserve, izindiza ezinobuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI) zisebenzisa amakhamera e-multispectral ukudala "amamephu okushisa kwezemvelo" akala impilo yezitshalo ngokuhlaziya ukukhanya okungabonakali kwe-infrared. Amamephu la enza abalondolozi bakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kotshani obonakele notshani obululama, okuqondisa imizamo yokuqhakambisa. Eziqintini zamanzi iSanjiangyuan Wetlands, izinhlolovo zaminyaka yonke zezindiza ezihlanganisa u-36,000 km² zisebenzisa i-AI ukukala amazinga okuncipha kwezindawana zamanzi, zinikeza idatha eyasiza amasu okugeza amanzi—okuholele ekwanda okungu-120 km² endaweni eyinhliziyo yezindawo zamanzi ngo-2024.
Ukubuyiselwa kwezihlahla zamanzansi e-Beihai, e-Guangxi, nakho kuzuza ekumapheni okunamandla e-AI. Ama-drones alandelela amazinga okusinda kwezithombo kusetshenziswa idatha ye-multispectral, aqaphela izimo ezinhle zokukhula (amaphethini ezikhukhula, uhlobo lwenhlabathi) ukuze aqondise ukutshala ngesandla. Lo mkhuba oqhutshwa yi-AI uye wenyusa amazinga okusinda kuya ku-78%—ukuthuthuka kwamaphuzu amaphesenti angu-40 kunezindlela zokuzama nokuhluleka zendabuko.
Ingqalasizinda kanye Nzokwazi: Ubunjiniyela Obunembayo Ngobukhulu
Emikhiqizweni emikhulu yengqalasizinda, amakhamera edrone anikwe amandla yi-AI anciphisa ubungozi futhi anciphise izindleko ngokunika amandla ukuqapha inqubekela phambili ngesikhathi sangempela. Ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwe-Erlangshan Tunnel kuSichuan-Tibet Railway, ama-drone ahlola ubuso bokwakha masonto onke, esebenzisa i-AI ukuqhathanisa amaphrofayela wokumba angempela nemidwebo yomklamo. Lapho kutholwa ukuhlukana okungu-3 cm, uhlelo lwalubeke isexwayiso ngokushesha, luvimbela ukubhidlika okungenzeka. Ngokufanayo, emgwaqweni omkhulu we-karst mountain project yaseGuizhou, ama-drone e-AI LiDAR asize anciphise umzila ohleliwe wama-28 km ngo-3.2 km, anciphise izindleko zokwakha eziyi-120 million yuan ngokugwema imihume efihliwe.
Ukuguguleka kwezimbotshana zezikebhe kuyindawo enye ebona izinto ezintsha. Isiteshi sezikebhe saseTianjin sisebenzisa ama-drone anikwe amandla yi-AI ukukala ukujiya kwezihlabathi, sihlanganisa le datha nolwazi lwezinga lamanzi ukubala izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuguguleka. Lokhu kwandise ukusebenza kahle kwezihlabathi ngo-25% futhi kwonga ama-yuan ayizigidi ezingu-8 ngonyaka ezindlekweni zophele.
Ukuphendula Okungazelelwe: Ukugijima Ngokumelene Nesikhathi
Ezimweni ezibucayi, njalo umzuzu ubalulekile—futhi amakhamera edrone asebenzisa i-AI ahlinzeka ngemininingwane ebalulekile ngokushesha kunanini ngaphambili. Ngesikhathi samalangabi omlilo e-Chongqing ngo-2024, ama-drone asebenzise i-LiDAR ukungena embungwini obukhulu futhi ahlaziye ukusabalala komlilo, kuyilapho i-AI ibikezela izindlela zomlilo ezishukumiswa umoya ukuze kuqondiswe ukudonswa kwamanzi ngamahelikopta, okwaquma umlilo ngemizuzu emi-3. Ngemuva kohlalwane olukhulu e-Gansu Jishishan, ama-drone ahlola i-5 km² endaweni eyayihlaselwe kakhulu ngehora elilodwa, esebenzisa i-AI ukumaka izakhiwo ezi-13 eziwile. Lokhu kuhlelwa okunembayo kwasiza abasindisi ukuthi bathole abasindile abayi-7 ababebhajwe ngokushesha kunezindlela zokufuna ezingaboni.
Ukuqapha izikhukhula nakho kuzuza ekuhlaziyweni kwe-AI ngesikhathi sangempela. Eceleni koMfula iPearl, ama-drone adlulisa izithombe zezinga lamanzi kanye nezikhala zamadike njalo ngemizuzu engama-30, nge-AI ibala izibalo zokuphepha zamadike ukubikezela nokwazisa iziphathimandla ngezingozi ezi-4 ezingaba khona zokudonsa ngo-2024.
Izinselele kanye Nezimo Zekusasa
Ngaphandle kokuqhubeka kwabo, amakhamera okwenza imephu ngama-drone asebenzisa i-AI abhekene nezinselelo okufanele zixazululwe ukuze kwamukelwe kabanzi. Izindleko zihlala ziyisithiyo: izinhlelo eziphezulu ezine-multi-sensor AI calibration zingabiza kakhulu ezinkampanini ezincane kanye nohulumeni basekhaya. Ukushoda kwamakhono nakho kuyaqhubeka—ukusebenzisa lezi zinhlelo kudinga ubuchwepheshe kokubili ekundizeni kwe-drone nokuhumusha kwedatha ye-AI, okuholela ekushodeni kochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe. Izingqinamba zokulawula, njengemikhawulo yesikhala somoya kanye nemithetho yobumfihlo bedatha, ziyahlukahluka esifundeni, kudala ukungahambisani ekusebenziseni kwezentengiselwano.
Sibheka phambili, izimo ezintathu zizobumba ikusasa lokumathisa ama-drone anikwe amandla yi-AI:
1. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Edge Computing: Ukudlulisela ukucubungula okwengeziwe kwe-AI kumadroni (i-edge computing) kuzokwehlisa ukuncika ekuxhumaneni kwefu, okuvumela ukusebenza ngokuphelele ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi ezindaweni ezikude—okubalulekile ekuphenduleni izinhlekelele nasekuqopheni amabalazwe ezindaweni zasemakhaya.
2. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinzwa eziningi: Ukuhlanganisa i-AI nezinzwa ezithuthukisiwe njengekhamera ye-hyperspectral (ebamba amabhande amakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo) kuzovumela izicelo eziqondile nakakhulu, njengokuthola izifo zezitshalo kusenesikhathi nokuhlola amaminerali.
3. Ukusekelwa namazinga okufinyeleleka: Izivumelwano ezisezingeni lomkhakha wokulinganisa kwe-AI nokucubungula idatha kuzothuthukisa ukungaguquguquki, kuyilapho izikhombimsebenzisi ezisebenziseka kalula zizokwehlisa isithiyo samakhono, okwenza ukwazi ukufinyelela amabalazwe anikwe amandla yi-AI kubantu abangochwepheshe.
Imakethe yomhlaba yokuhlela ama-drone ibikezelwe ukuthi izodlula u-$25 billion ngonyaka ka-2025, nezinhlelo ezisebenza ngobuChwepheshe be-AI ziqhuba le mikhawulo. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka phambili futhi izindleko zincipha, lezi zithuluzi zizoba zibalulekile kunoma ubani osebenza nedatha yesikhala—kusukela kubagibeli abavikela izinhlelo zokuphila kuya kubaklami abakha amadolobha esikhathi esizayo.
Isiphetho
Amakhamera anikwa amandla yi-AI ashintshe ukuthwebula izithombe ngezindiza ezingenamuntu kusukela ekubutheni idatha kwaba ithuluzi elihlakaniphile lokwenza izinqumo. Ngokuxazulula izinselelo ezinde zesivinini, ukusebenza kahle, nokuzivumelanisa nezimo, avula izinhlelo ezintsha ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene futhi enza idatha yesikhala isebenze kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili. Kusukela ekugcineni ifa lezamasiko kuya ekusindiseni izimpilo ezinhlekeleleni, umthelela walezi zibuchwepheshe ubukhulu kakhulu.
Njengoba sibheka esikhathini esizayo, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-AI, i-edge computing, nezinzwa ezithuthukisiwe kuzoqhubeka nokucindezela imingcele yalokho okungenzeka. Ezinkampanini nasemaziko amukela leli thuluzi, ithuba licacile: ukuguqula izithombe zasemoyeni zibe ngolwazi oluqhutha izinqumo ezingcono, ezisheshayo, nezingasindi kakhulu.
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