isiZulu
Ukuqhathanisa Amamojuli Ekhamera Ezindizeni ezingenamuntu (Drones) Nezimoto Zomhlaba: Isimo Esibhekiswe Emsebenzini
Kwadalwa ngo 01.12
Izindiza ezingena bantu (ama-drone) namarobhothi omhlaba ziguqula izimboni kusukela ezolimo nokwakhiwa kuze kube ukufuna nokusindisa, ngama-module ekhamera azoama-module ekhameranjengamehlo" anika amandla ukubona, ukuzulazula, nokwenza imisebenzi. Nakuba zombili zisebenzisa idatha ebonakalayo, izindawo zazo zokusebenza, izici zokuhamba, kanye nezinjongo zemishini zenza izidingo ezihlukile kakhulu ezinhlelweni zazo zekhamera. Lesi sihloko sidlula ukuqhathanisa okuyisisekelo ukuze sihlolisise ukuthi izidingo zemisebenzi zakha kanjani idizayini ye-module yekhamera kumadroni namarobhothi asemhlabeni, kusiza abathuthukisi, abahlanganisi, kanye nabenzayo izinqumo ukuthi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi. Sizophinde sigqamise izimo zangempela zokusebenzisa kanye nobuchwepheshe obusakhula obudala kabusha ukubona okubonakalayo kuzo zombili lezi zindawo.
Umehluko Oyisisekelo: Imvelo Nokunyakaza
Abaqhubi ababaluleke kakhulu bokuhlukana kwamamojuli ekhamera phakathi kwezindiza ezingenamuntu (drones) namarobhothi asemhlabeni kuncike ezindaweni zabo zokusebenza kanye nezindlela zokuhamba. Izindiza ezingenamuntu zisebenza esikhundleni sezindiza esinezinhlangothi ezintathu (3D), zibhekana nezimo zezulu eziguquguqukayo, izinguquko ezisheshayo zokuphakama, kanye nesidingo sokugcina ukuzinza ngesivinini esikhulu. Ngokuphambene, amarobhothi asemhlabeni ahamba ezindaweni ezinezinhlangothi ezimbili (2D)—kungaba phansi endlini, indawo enobunzima, noma izindawo zezimboni—anemikhawulo efana nezithiyo, umhlabathi ongalingani, kanye namathuba okungena nothuli noma umswakama. Lezi zihlukahlukene ziguqulela ngqo ezidingweni eziyinhloko zesisindo sekhamera, usayizi, ukuzinza, indawo yokubona (FOV), kanye nokumelana nemvelo.
Ezamadroni, isisindo kanye ne-aerodynamics yizinto ezibalulekile. Njalo igremu eyengeziwe kumamojuli ekhamera inciphisa isikhathi sokundiza nokuhamba kalula. Imoduli yekhamera ejwayelekile yedroni, njengaleyo ku-DJI Mavic 3 Enterprise, ihlanganisa ikhwalithi yesithombe ephezulu nomklamo ongagcini isisindo, enesisindo esingamashumi ambalwa nje amagremu. Ama-robot asemhlabeni, nakuba nawo ezwelana nesisindo (ikakhulukazi ezinkundleni ezihambayo njengama-rover noma izinja zemishini), anenkululeko eyengeziwe, avumela izinhlelo ezinkulu, eziqinile zekhamera—njenge-Intel RealSense D455, okuyisinqumo esidumile emisebenzini ye-SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) kuma-robot asemhlabeni. Ukumelana nemvelo kungenye umehluko obalulekile: ama-droni avame ukudinga amamojuli ekhamera ane-IP67 ukuze amele umoya, imvula, nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, njengoba kubonakala ekhamereni yokuzulazula ye-Immervision's UAV ekukhanyeni okuphansi. Ama-robot asemhlabeni asebenza ezindaweni zezimboni noma zangaphandle angadinga ukuvikelwa okufanayo, kodwa ama-robot angaphakathi angase anikeze izindleko nokufingqa ngaphezu kokumelana nesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu.
Izidingo Eziyinhloko Zama-Module Ekhamera: Ukuhwebelana Okushukumisela Umsebenzi
Lapho kuqhathaniswa ama-module ekhamera, amapharamitha afana nesinqumo, isivinini sohlaka, uhlobo lwe-sensor, ne-FOV akwazi ukuhlolwa ngokuzimele—kufanele abukwe ngombono wezinjongo zemishini. Ngezansi, sichaza izidingo eziyinhloko zamakhamera ezindiza namarobhothi omhlaba, sigqamisa ukuhwebelana namazinga emboni.
1. Isisindo Nosayizi: Ukuphambili kwe-Drone Ngokusebenza Kahle Kwezindiza
Ama-drone adinga amamojuli ekhamera alula kakhulu ukuze agcine impilo yebhethri nokusebenza kwezindiza. Amakhamera ama-drone esimanje, njengamamojuli angu-5MP avela kwa-Immervision, anesisindo esingamagremu angu-4.7 kuphela ngenkathi egcina indawo encane. Lo mklamo olula uvame ukudinga izinzwa ezincane namalensi, nabakhiqizi basebenzisa izinto ezifana nepulasitiki noma i-aluminium elula ukunciphisa isisindo. Amanye amamojuli ekhamera ama-drone aphinde ahlanganise imisebenzi eminingi (isb., i-RGB, i-thermal, ne-telephoto) kuhlelo olulodwa oluncane, njengoba kubonakala ku-DJI Mavic 3 Thermal, ehlanganisa ikhamera ye-RGB engu-48MP kanye nezinzwa ye-thermal engu-640x512.
Ama-robhothi asemhlabeni abhekana nemikhawulo yesisindo eguquguqukayo kakhulu. Ama-robhothi amancane asetshenziswa abantu (isibonelo, izinjini zokuhlanza izindlu) asebenzisa izinto zekhamera ezincane, ezingadli amandla amaningi (ngokuvamile ngaphansi kwamagremu angu-10), kanti ama-robhothi ezimboni okuhlola noma ama-rover ase-Mars angakwazi ukuthwala izinhlelo ezisindayo nezinkimbinkimbi. Ngokwesibonelo, ama-rover ase-Mars ayesebenzisa izinhlelo zekhamera ezifakwe emastini ukuthwebula indawo ekude, nakuba iziphakamiso zakamuva ziphakamisa ukuzishintsha ngezokhamera ezifakwe kumadroni ukunciphisa isisindo se-rover nokudideka okubangelwa ukudlidliza. Izinto zekhamera zamarobhothi asemhlabeni nazo zivame ukuba nezinketho eziguquguqukayo zokufakwa, okuvumela amakhamera amaningi (isibonelo, abheke phambili ukuze kutholwe indlela, abheke ohlangothini ukuze kutholwe izinto) ngaphandle kokuthinta kakhulu ukuhamba kwawo.
2. Ukuqina Nokuphikisana Nokuhamba: Ukubuyisela Izinguquko Zokuhamba
Ama-drone ahlangabezana nokudlidlizela njalo okuvela kuma-propeller nemimoya enamandla, okwenza ukuzinza kwezithombe kube imfuneko ebalulekile. Iningi lamamojula ekhamera ama-drone lihlanganisa izinhlelo zokuzinza kwezithombe ezisebenza ngomshini noma nge-elektroniki (EIS/MIS). I-DJI Mavic 3 Enterprise, ngokwesibonelo, isebenzisa i-shutter yomshini ukuvimbela ukudideka komnyakazo ngesikhathi sokunyakaza okusheshayo, nge-interval yokudubula esheshayo engu-0.7-imizuzwana elungiselelwe imisebenzi yokuhlola. Amanye amakhamera ama-drone athuthukile futhi ahlanganisa amayunithi okulinganisa i-inertial (IMUs) ukuze kuhlanganiswe izinzwa, kuhlanganiswe idatha ebonakalayo nedatha ye-gyroscopic ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza—isici esabiwe nezinhlelo zamarobhothi omhlaba ezisebenza kahle njengekhamera ye-inertial ye-binocular ye-INDEMIND engu-200FPS.
Ama-robhothi asemhlabeni abhekana nezinselelo ezahlukene zokuzinza, okubandakanya ukugxambukela okuvela emhlabathini ongalingani kanye nokunyakaza okuhamba kancane, okunqunyelwe. Kumalobhothi asemhlabeni ahamba ngokushesha (isibonelo, amalobhothi okuletha noma izinja zemishini), amazinga aphezulu amafreyimu abaluleke kakhulu kunokuzinza komshini. Ikhamera ye-INDEMIND's binocular inertial, esekela kufika ku-200FPS kunencazelo engu-640x400, yakhelwe izimo ezinjalo, ihlinzeka ngedatha yesithombe eningi ukuze kuvunyelwe ukulandelela okunembayo kwe-algorithmic nokubeka indawo. Kumalobhothi ahamba kancane (isibonelo, amalobhothi okuhlola ezimbonini), ukuzinza kuvame ukufezwa ngokukhweza okuqinile kanye nezinto ezimunca ukushaqeka, kunciphisa isidingo sezinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuzinza.
3. Indawo Yokubuka (FOV) kanye Nokulungiswa: Ukulinganisa Ukufakwa kanye Nemininingwane
Ama-drone adinga ibhalansi phakathi kwe-FOV ebanzi ukuze kube khona ukuqonda ngesimo kanye nokulungiswa okuphezulu ukuze kube khona ukuthwebula okuningiliziwe (isibonelo, ukuhlola, ukuhlolwa). Amalensi e-wide-angle (avame ukuba ne-FOV engu-90°–190°) avamile kumakhamera okuzulazula ama-drone ukuze athwebule ingxenye enkulu yendawo ezungezile, asize ekugwemeni izithiyo. Imodyuli ye-Immervision ye-UAV enokukhanya okuphansi isebenzisa ilensi ye-panomorph engu-190° ukuze inikeze ukuqonda okungu-360° ngesimo, okubalulekile ekuzulazuleni okuzenzakalelayo ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi. Emisebenzini yokwenza amamephu nokuhlola, kulungiswa okuphezulu (isibonelo, i-20MP ku-DJI Mavic 3 Enterprise) kuyathuthukiswa ukuze kufezekiswe ukunemba kwezinga lesentimitha lapho kwenziwa ama-orthophotos namamodeli angu-3D.
Ama-robhothi asemhlabeni avamise ukusebenzisa ama-FOV phakathi kuka-90°–120° ukuze azulazule, ehambisana nokubona indawo enkulu nokugcina imininingwane. Ama-robhothi angaphakathi endlini (isibonelo, ama-robhothi azihambelayo ezindaweni zokugcina izimpahla/ama-AMR) avamise ukusebenzisa amakhamera anencazelo ephakathi (720p–1080p) ukuze abone izinto ngesikhathi sangempela kanye ne-SLAM, kanti ama-robhothi okuhlola angaphandle angadinga incazelo ephezulu (4K) ukuze kuhlolwe imininingwane yengqalasizinda. Amakhamera okulinganisa ubujamo, njenge-Intel RealSense D435, athandwa kakhulu kuma-robhothi asemhlabeni, ahlangana nedatha ye-RGB nolwazi lobujamo ukuze enze ukwakhiwa kabusha kwezindawo ze-3D—ikhono elingavamile kuma-drone, avamise ukuncika ku-LiDAR noma ku-photogrammetry ukuze kwakhiwe amamephu e-3D.
4. Ukusebenza Kokukhanya okuPhansi kanye Nezinzwa Ezikhethekile
Ama-drone asebenza ekuphumeni kwelanga, ukushona kwelanga, noma ezimeni zokukhanya okuphansi (isibonelo, imisebenzi yokufuna nokusindisa) adinga amamojuli ekhamera anokuzwela okuphezulu ekukhanyeni. I-Immervision’s UAV low-light module iyayifeza le ndaba ngesikhala esikhulu (f/1.8) kanye ne-Sony sensor ezwela kakhulu, okuvumela ukuzulazula okuphephile ezindaweni zokukhanya okuphansi ngaphandle kokudicilela phansi ikhwalithi yesithombe. Ama-thermal sensors nawo avamile kumamojuli ekhamera ama-drone ezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana nokuqapha izilwane zasendle noma ukutholwa kokushisa kwezimboni, njengoba kubonakala ku-DJI Mavic 3 Thermal’s radiometric thermal sensor.
Ama-robhothi asemhlabeni abhekana nezinselelo ezifanayo ekukhanyeni okuphansi, ikakhulukazi emisebenzini yangaphandle noma yasebusuku. Ama-robhothi okuhlola izimboni angasebenzisa amakhamera e-infrared (IR) njenge-FLIR Lepton ukuze athole izithombe ezishisayo, kanti ama-robhothi asekhaya angasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuthuthukisa ukukhanya okuphansi noma izikhanyisi ze-IR. Ngokungafani nezindiza ezingenamuntu, ama-robhothi asemhlabeni avame ukusebenza ezindaweni ezinothuli, intuthu, noma inkungu (isib. izindawo zokwakha, izindawo ezinhlekeleleni), okwenza ukuqina kwezinzwa nokuvikelwa kwelensi kube kubalulekile. Amamojuli amaningi ekhamera yama-robhothi asemhlabeni anezindlu ezivaliweyo neglasi evikela imihuzuko ukuze kuvinjelwe ukulimala okubangelwa imfucumfucu.
5. Ukusetshenziswa Kwamandla: Ukwelula Isikhathi Semishini
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kahle kuyinto ebalulekile kuwo wonke umuntu, kodwa izindiza ezingenamuntu zibhekana nezingqinamba eziqinile ngenxa yamandla ebhethri anciphiswe. Amamojuli ekhamera ezindiza ezingenamuntu avame ukusebenzisa amandla angaphansi kwe-1W, nabakhiqizi belungisa ukusebenza kahle kwenzwa ne-processor ukuze kwandiswe isikhathi sokundiza. Amarobhothi asemhlabeni, nakuba nawo ebeka phambili ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi, anenkululeko eyengeziwe—ikakhulukazi uma axhunywe emthonjeni wamandla (isb., AMRs angaphakathi endlini) noma asebenzisa amabhethri amakhulu (isb., ama-rover ezimboni). Kumalobhothi asemhlabeni aphathwayo njengezinja zemishini, amamojuli ekhamera angenamandla aphansi (isb., i-Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3, esebenzisa amandla acishe abe ngu-0.5W) ayathandwa ukwandisa isikhathi somsebenzi.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinzwa: Ithrendi eyabiwe, ukuqaliswa okuhlukene
Zombili izindiza ezingenamuntu (drones) nezindimbane zasemhlabeni (ground robots) ziya ngokuya zisebenzisa ukuhlanganiswa kwezinzwa—ukuhlanganisa idatha yekhamera nezinye izinzwa (IMUs, LiDAR, GPS) ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukwethembeka kokubona. Noma kunjalo, ukusebenza kuyahluka kuye ngezidingo zazo ezihlukile. Izindiza ezingenamuntu (drones) zihlanganisa idatha yekhamera ne-GPS ne-IMUs ukuze zithole indawo nokuzulazula okunembayo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho izimpawu ze-GPS zibuthakathaka (isibonelo, imigwaqo emikhulu yedolobha). Isibonelo, imodyuli ye-RTK eyokuzikhethela ye-DJI Mavic 3 Enterprise, ihlanganisa izithombe zekhamera nokubeka isikhathi sangempela ukuze kufezekiswe ukunemba kokuhlola okungaba ngamasentimitha.
Ama-robhothi asemhlabeni, ngokungafani, avame ukuhlanganisa idatha yekhamera ne-LiDAR nezinzwa zobujula ukuze kusetshenziswe i-SLAM nokugwema izithiyo. Ikhamera ye-INDEMIND ye-binocular inertial, eyenzelwe kokubili ama-drones nama-robhothi, isebenzisa isakhiwo sokuhlanganisa "ikhamera + IMU" esinokuvumelanisa isikhathi samazinga amasekhondi amancane, okwenza ukulinganisa okuyiqiniso kwezikhundla okubalulekile emisebenzini ye-SLAM. Ama-robhothi asemhlabeni angaphakathi avame ukusebenzisa amakhamera e-RGB-D (isibonelo, i-Intel RealSense D455) ukuze kube nokwenza imephu yendawo engu-3D, njengoba i-GPS ingatholakali ngaphakathi. Lokhu kuhlukana kubonisa izindawo zabo zokusebenza: ama-drones asebenzisa i-GPS ukuze athole indawo enkulu, kanti ama-robhothi asemhlabeni athembele kuzinzwa ezisemabhodi ukuze azulazule endaweni.
Izifundo Zokusebenzisa Ezweni Langempela
Ukuze sikhombise ukuthi izidingo zomkhiqizo wekhamera ziguqulwa kanjani zibe yizicelo zangempela, ake sithathe izicelo ezimbili eziphikisanayo:
Icala 1: Ukuhlola Kwemboni – Ama-Drones vs. Ama-Robots Omhlaba
Ukuhlola izimboni kusetshenziswa ama-drone (isibonelo, ukuhlola imigqa yamandla, ama-wind turbine) kudinga amamojula ekhamera anokulungiswa okuphezulu, amakhono we-telephoto, nobuchwepheshe bokuvimbela ukuzamazama. Ikhamera ebanzi ye-DJI Mavic 3 Enterprise engu-20MP nekhamera ye-telephoto engu-12MP ene-zoom engu-8x ivumela abahloli ukuthi bathwebule izithombe ezinemininingwane zezakhiwo ezikude ngaphandle kokudela ukuphepha. Ukusebenza ekukhanyeni okuphansi nakho kubalulekile ekuhlolisweni kwezindawo zezimboni zasendlini noma ekwenzeni imishini yasebusuku, okwenza amamojula afana nekhamera yokuzulazula yokukhanya okuphansi ye-Immervision ibe yimpahla eyigugu.
Ama-robhothi asemhlabeni asetshenziselwa ukuhlola izimboni (isibonelo, ukuhlola imishayo, phansi kwefektri) aphambili ukuqina, ukubona ubujamo, nokusebenzisa amandla aphansi. La ma-robhothi avame ukusebenzisa amamojuli ekhamera aqinile anezilinganiso ze-IP67 ukumelana nothuli nomswakama, ahambisana nezinzwa zokushisa ukuthola ukushisa ngokweqile kwemishini. I-Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3, ngomklamo wayo olula nokusekelwa kwe-HDR, iyisinqumo esidumile samaphrojekthi amaningi ama-robhothi ezimboni angabizi, kanti izinhlelo ezisebenza kakhulu zisebenzisa i-Intel RealSense D455 ukuhlola okungu-3D kanye ne-SLAM.
Icala 2: Ukusesha Nokuhlenga – Ama-Drones vs. Ama-Robots Omhlaba
Ama-drones okusesha nokuhlenga adinga amakhamera anobubanzi be-FOV ukuze abheke izindawo ezinkulu kanye nezinsiza zokushisa ukuze zikwazi ukuthola izimpawu zokushisa zabantu. I-DJI Mavic 3 Thermal’s 640x512 radiometric thermal sensor ingalinganisa amazinga okushisa futhi ikhiqize izaziso zokushisa, ukusiza ukuthola abaphilayo ezimweni zokubona eziphansi. Idizayini yayo elula ivumela isikhathi eside sokundiza, okubalulekile ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezindawo ezinkulu zokusesha.
Amarobhothi okusesha nokuqeda, ngokuphambene, asebenza ezindaweni ezivulekile (isb., izakhiwo ezihlangene) lapho ukuhamba kubalulekile. Lawa marobhothi asebenzisa amamojula wekhamera amancane, anobubanzi obukhulu, anekhono lokusebenza ezimeni ezimnyama, ezigcwele udoti. I-ESP32-CAM, imojula encane, enezindleko eziphansi enezinhlaka ze-Wi-Fi, ivame ukusetshenziswa kumarobhothi okusesha, kanti izinhlelo ezisezingeni lezimboni zingase zisebenzise amakhamera e-FLIR Lepton ukuze zithole abaphilayo emsmokweni noma emnyama.
Izitayela Zesikhathi Esizayo: Ukunciphisa, Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-AI, Nokwenza Ngokwezifiso
Ikusasa leziqhumane zezikhamuzi kokubili emadroneni nasezinhlelweni zomhlaba likhishwa yizitayela ezintathu ezibalulekile: ukunciphisa usayizi, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-AI, nokwenza ngokwezifiso. Ukunciphisa usayizi kuzophinde kuqhubeke nokushayela ukuklama izikhamuzi ze-drone, lapho abakhiqizi bethuthukisa iziqhumane ezincane, ezilula ngaphandle kokwehlisa ikhwalithi yesithombe. Izinhlelo zomhlaba zizothola inzuzo ezikhamuzini ezincane, ezisebenza kahle ngamandla, ezikuvumela ukuthi zisetshenziswe ezimfushane (isb., ama-micro-robots okusesha nokusiza).
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-AI kuyisitayela esikhulu esisha, lapho iziqhumane zezikhamuzi zifaka kakhulu ama-prosesa e-AI akwi-board ukuze kutholakale izinto, kuhlukaniswe, futhi kuhlaziywe izigcawu ngesikhathi sangempela. Lokhu kunciphisa isikhathi sokulinda ngokucubungula idatha endaweni esikhundleni sokuyithumela kuseva ekude. Isibonelo, iziqhumane zezikhamuzi ezine-AI emadroneni zingathola ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi zihlukanise izinto (isb., abantu abalahlekile, izakhiwo ezonakele), kanti izinhlelo zomhlaba zisebenzisa i-AI ukuze ziqaphele izithiyo futhi zihambe ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Ukwenza ngokwezifiso kuzophinde kusakazeke kakhulu, nabakhiqizi banikeze izinhlelo zekhamera ezihlangene ezingalungiswa ezinhlosweni ezithile. Ikhamera yokuzulazula ka-Immervision enokukhanya okuphansi, ngokwesibonelo, ingalungiswa kalula kumadroni ahlukahlukene namapulatifomu erobhothi lomhlaba, isekela izinhlobonhlobo zezicelo kusuka ekuzuleni okuzenzakalelayo kuya ekugadweni. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kuvumela abathuthukisi ukuthi bakhethe inzwa eqondile, ilensi, namakhono okucubungula adingekayo esikhundleni sabo esithile.
Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzikhumbule: Indlela Yokukhetha Imodyuli Lekhamera Elungile
Lapho ukhetha imodyuli lekhamera yedroni noma yerobhothi lomhlaba, qala ngokuchaza izinhloso zemishini yakho kanye nendawo yokusebenza. Nansi imibuzo eyisihluthulelo okufanele uyibuze:
• Yini umsebenzi oyinhloko (isibonelo, ukuhlola, ukuhlola, ukuzulazula, ukufuna nokusindisa)?
• Yiziphi izimo zemvelo (isibonelo, ngaphandle/ngaphakathi, ukukhanya okuphansi, nothuli, amanzi)?
• Yiziphi izilinganiso zesisawo namandla zenkundla?
• Yiliphi izinga lesinqumo, isivinini sohlaka, ne-FOV okudingekayo emsebenzini?
• Ingabe ikhamera izodinga ukuhlanganiswa nezinye izinzwa (isb., LiDAR, GPS, IMU)?
Ezindizeni ezingenamuntu, phambili amamojuli alula, azinzile, futhi angamelana nesimo sezulu, anencazelo ephezulu nokusebenza ekukhanyeni okuphansi uma usebenza ezimweni eziyinselele. Ezimotweni ezihamba emhlabeni, gxila ekuqineni, emakhono okubona ukujula (uma kudingeka kwe-SLAM), kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla, ngezinzwa ezikhethekile (isb., ezishisayo, i-IR) zemisebenzi ethile.
Isiphetho
Ukuqhathanisa amamojuli ekhamera ezindizeni ezingenamuntu kanye nezimoto ezihamba emhlabeni kubonisa ukuthi umklamo wawo ugxile kakhulu emisebenzini nasezindaweni. Izindiza ezingenamuntu ziphambili amamojuli alula, azinzile, futhi enza kahle kakhulu, alungiselelwe ukuzulazula komoya we-3D nokuthwebula izindawo ezibanzi, kanti izimoto ezihamba emhlabeni zidinga izinhlelo eziqinile, eziguquguqukayo ezihambisana nomhlaba we-2D nokuzulazula kwendawo. Ngenkathi zombili zabelana ngamathrendi afana nokuhlanganiswa kwezinzwa nokuhlanganiswa kwe-AI, ukuqaliswa kwazo kubonisa imikhawulo yazo eyingqayizivele yokusebenza.
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka, singalindela ukubona amamojuli ekhamera akhethekile aqhubeka nokuqinisa amakhono ezindiza ezingenamuntu (drones) nezinye izimoto ezihamba emhlabathini. Ngokuqonda umehluko oyinhloko nokuhambisa ukukhethwa kwamamojuli ekhamera nezinjongo zemishini, abathuthukisi nabahlanganisi bangavula amandla aphelele ezinhlelo ezingenamuntu. Noma ngabe usebenzisa indiza engenamuntu (drone) ukuhlola noma imoto ehamba emhlabathini ukuhlola izimboni, imojuli ekhamera efanele iyisihluthulelo sokubona okuthembekile, okusebenzayo—futhi ekugcineni, impumelelo yemishini.
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