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I-Asia ne-Europe: Ubani Ohamba Phambili Ekuthuthukisweni Kwama-Module Ekhamera?
Kwadalwa ngo 01.12
Imboni yomhlaba wonke yamamojuli ekhamera idlula ekuguqukeni okukhulu, iqhutshwa isidingo esikhulayo samadivayisi ahlakaniphile, izinhlelo zombono wezimoto, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuhlola izimboni. Lapho kuxoxwa ngobuholi bokusha kuleli nsimu, ingxabano phakathi kwe-Asia neYurophu ayigwemeki. Kodwa-ke, ukunciphisa le mpi ibe "ngubani ongcono" kuyakushaya indiva umehluko oyisisekelo ezindleleni zabo zokusha. I-Asia, eholwa yiChina, iJapan, neNingizimu Korea, igqama ekushintsheni okukhulu, okusheshayo okwenza ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukile bufikeleleki. IYurophu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ibusa ekwenzeni ngokwezifiso okuphezulu, okuhambisana nemithetho, okugxile ezimakethe ezikhethekile. Lesi sihloko sihluza lezi zindlela ezimbili ezihlukene zokusha, sihlaziya amandla azo ayisisekelo nezicelo, futhi sihlola ukuthi zishintsha kanjani umhlaba wonke. imojula yekhamera indawo eyibanzi.
Ipharamitha Yezinto Ezintsha zase-Asia: Ukushesha Okusekelwe Ekuqongeleleni kanye Nokuhlanganiswa Kwemvelo Yokusebenza
Ubuholi base-Asia emisha yezinto ezintsha zamamojuli ekhamera buqiniswa yimvelo yayo eqinile yezimboni, ukufuna okuqhubekayo kokukhiqiza kahle, kanye nempendulo esheshayo ezidingweni zabathengi nezimboni. Amanye amazwe njengeChina neJapan akhe izixhumanisi zokuhlinzekwa ezihlanganisa ukugaywa kwengilazi yezibuko nokukhiqizwa kwamalensi kuze kube ukuhlanganiswa kwamamojuli kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezibalo, kudala imvelo engenamihawu yezinto ezintsha eziphindaphindayo.
I-Sony yaseJapan yiyona eyisisekelo samandla ezobuchwepheshe e-Asia emikhiqizweni eyisisekelo. Le nkampani ibambe isabelo esingu-42% emhlabeni wonke emakethe yezinzwa zesithombe ze-CMOS, ngenxa yobuchwepheshe bayo obuyingqayizivele be-transistor pixel ezendlalelana ezimbili obukhuphula ukusebenza kwe-quantum kufike ku-85%—amaphesenti angu-23 ngaphezu kwesilinganiso semboni. Lobu buchwepheshe, obuqaliswe emakethe ochungechungeni lwe-IMX989 olunamamojuli anzwa amakhulu angu-1-intshi, selubeyisilinganiso segolide sama-smartphone aphezulu namakhamera ochwepheshe, ngomkhawulo wenzuzo odlula u-47% ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okungenakuqhathaniswa kwezithombe. Isu lezinto ezintsha le-Sony ligxile ekujuleni kwamakhono ezinto eziyisisekelo, okubeka isisekelo sokubusa kwe-Asia ekuhlanganisweni kwamamojuli angaphansi.
I China, ngaleso sikhathi, ibe yinkosi emhlabeni wonke ekuhlanganiseni amamojuli nasekuqanjweni kwezinto okushukumisela izicelo. Izinkampani ezifana ne-Sunny Optical ne-OFILM zitshale kakhulu ezobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuthuthukisiwe, i-Sunny Optical yafinyelela izinga elingu-85% lokukhiqiza amamojuli amakhulu anezinzwa ezingu-1-inch ngo-2025—amaphesenti angu-23 aphezulu kunezinga lomkhakha. Lokhu kugqama ekukhiqizeni kuvumela ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi kwamamojuli asezingeni eliphezulu ngezindleko ezincintisanayo, kusekela ukwanda komhlaba wonke kwemikhiqizo yama-smartphone nemikhakha esakhula njengokuphepha okuhlakaniphile nombono wezimoto.
Inzuzo yezinto ezintsha yaseChina iqiniswa kakhulu ngokugxila kwayo kwizithombe zekhompyutha. I-Huawei, ngokwesibonelo, iphethe izimvume zomhlaba wonke ezingu-1,873 kwezithombe zekhompyutha, lapho i-algorithm yayo yokuhlanganisa izithombe eziningi ithuthukisa isilinganiso sesiginali-kuya-umsindo sezithombe zasebusuku ngo-40%. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwesoftware nehardware kudale kabusha izithombe zeselula, kwenza izithombe ezisezingeni eliphezulu zitholakalele izigidi zezigidi zabathengi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkampani zaseShayina zihola phambili ekwenzeni umhlaba wonke ukuthola izinto ezidingekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuncintisana: Isikhungo sokukhiqiza esisha se-Sunny Optical eVietnam, esizovulwa ngo-2026, sizobhekana no-30% wesidingo somhlaba wonke samamojula ekhamera, sisebenzise izinzuzo zezindleko zesifunda ngenkathi siqinisekisa ukumelana nokuhlinzekwa kwezinto.
Izinkampani zaseTaiwan naseNingizimu Korea nazo zidlala izindima ezibalulekile emvelweni yase-Asia. Izinkampani ezifana neLargan Precision zigxile ekukhiqizeni amalensi anembayo kakhulu, kanti amamojuli ekhamera kaSamsung ahamba phambili ekunciphiseni osayizi bama-smartphone akwazi ukugoqwa. Ngokubambisana, laba badlali baye badala imvelo yokubambisana kwezinto ezintsha lapho abahlinzeki bezingxenye, abakhiqizi bamamojuli, nabakhiqizi bamadivayisi basebenza ndawonye ukusheshisa ukubuyekezwa komkhiqizo—ngokuvamile balethe ubuchwepheshe obusha kusukela elabhorethri baye emakethe kungakapheli unyaka.
Ipharamitha Yezinto Ezintsha Yase-Europe: Ukwenza Ngokwezifiso Okuhambisana Nemithetho Kuqala kanye Nobuholi Bemakethe Ekhethekile Yekhwalithi Ephezulu
Indlela yaseYurophu yokuthuthukisa amamojuli ekhamera ihlukile kakhulu kumodeli yase-Asia egxile ekukhiqizeni okukhulu. Esikhundleni sokuphishekela ukubusa emakethe enkulu, izinkampani zaseYurophu zigxila ezinhlelweni ezinokubaluleka okuphezulu, ezikhethekile lapho ukunemba, ukwethembeka, kanye nokuthobela imithetho kubaluleke kakhulu. Le isu lihlotshaniswa nemithetho eqinile yesifunda yokuvikela idatha kanye nolwazi lwayo oluqinile kwezobunjiniyela be-optical kanye ne-automation yezimboni.
Amandla ayinhloko aseYurophu atholakala kumamojuli ekhamera aphezulu ezimbonini nawokwelashwa. Ngenkathi izinkampani zase-Asia zibusa izinto zikagesi zabathengi, abakhiqizi baseYurophu bahola phambili kuma-endoscope ezokwelashwa namamojuli okuhlola ezimbonini—izigaba lapho imojuli eyodwa ingaletha inzuzo enkulu engaphezu kuka-60%. Impumelelo le ivela emashumini eminyaka okuhlangenwe nakho kwe-optics enembayo kanye nokuqonda okujulile kwezidingo ezithile zemboni, njengokuthwebula izithombe ezinokulungiswa okuphezulu okudingekayo ukuhlinzwa okuncane noma ukutholwa kweziphazamiso ekwenzeni ama-semiconductor.
Ukuhambisana nemithetho sekuyinto enkulu ekhuthaza izinto ezintsha eYurophu. Umthetho we-EU we-General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) kanye noMthetho we-Artificial Intelligence Act ka-2024 usungule amazinga aqinile ama-module ekhamera anezici zobuchwepheshe be-biometric, ofuna amazinga okungalungi kwe-algorithm angaphansi kuka-1.2% kanye nokufihla idatha okuhlangabezana namazinga we-k≥50. Izinkampani zaseYurophu ziphendule lezi zinselelo zomthetho zaba yizinzuzo ezincintisanayo ngokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obuhambisanayo kuqala. Ngokwesibonelo, izinkampani zaseYurophu zaziyizithuthukisi zokuqala zobuchwepheshe be-Trusted Execution Environment (TEE), obugcina idatha ye-biometric icashile endaweni, kanye ne-phase-change memory (PCM) yokusula idatha okuqinisekiswayo.
Ukusungula kweYurophu kugcizelela futhi ukubambisana phakathi kwezimboni nezikhungo zocwaningo. Amanyuvesi aseJalimane, eFrance, naseNetherlands ahamba phambili ekwakhiweni kwezibuko ezithuthukisiwe kanye nesayensi yezinto, ebambisana nezinkampani ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bezibuko zesizukulwane esilandelayo kanye nezinzwa zezithombe. Lokhu kubambisana kwezemfundo nezimboni kuphumelele ekusunguleni okufana namamojula okuthwebula izithombe ezikhanyisa kancane kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokuphepha namakhamera asheshayo wokuhlolwa kwezingozi zezimoto—ubuchwepheshe obubeka ukusebenza phambili kunokubaluleka kwezindleko.
Ngenkathi izinkampani zaseYurophu zingancintisani kumamojula emakethe enkulu, zibonisa umthelela ngokubambisana nemikhiqizo nokuhlinzekwa kwezingxenye. Ngokwesibonelo, ukubambisana kweLeica nezinkampani ezikhiqiza ama-smartphone aseShayina kuletha ubuchwepheshe bezokubona baseYurophu kumadivayisi abasebenzisi, kudala isigaba se-premium esihlanganisa isikali sokukhiqiza sase-Asia nefa lokuthwebula izithombe laseYurophu. Le modeli ehlanganisiwe ibonisa ukuthi ubuhlakani baseYurophu bungangeza kanjani inani ezintanjeni zokuhlinzekwa komhlaba wonke ngaphandle kokulandela ubuholi bevolumu.
Ukuqhathaniswa: Izindawo Ezibalulekile Zokuthuthukisa
Ukuze siqonde ukuthi yisiphi isifunda esihamba phambili ekuthuthukisweni kwamamojula ekhamera, kufanele sihlolisise izindawo ezintathu ezibalulekile: izinto eziyisisekelo, ukuhlukahluka kwezicelo, kanye nokuzivumelanisa nemithetho.
Ezintweni eziyisisekelo, i-Asia inamandla acacile. Izinzwa ze-CMOS ze-Sony zibusa imakethe yomhlaba wonke, kanti izinkampani zaseShayina zihola kumamojula e-auto-focus (AF)—zibambe u-35% wamalungelo obunikazi omhlaba wonke kubuchwepheshe be-AF obuncane kakhulu futhi zihlose ukunemba kokugxila okungu-3μm ngo-2026. Amandla e-Europe asezingxenyeni ezikhethekile, njengezibonakude ezinembayo kakhulu ezisetshenziswa ezimbonini, kodwa lezi azishayeli ukuthuthukiswa kwemakethe enkulu okuchaza indlela yokukhula kwalo mkhakha.
Ngokwehlukahlukana kwezicelo, ukushesha kwe-Asia kuyakhanya. Amamojuli ekhamera avela ezinkampanini zase-Asia anika amandla konke kusuka kuma-smartphone nama-drone kuya kumadivayisi asekhaya ahlakaniphile nezimoto ezizihambelayo. I-DJI, ngokwesibonelo, yafaka ubuchwepheshe be-GDPR-compliant Geofencing kumamojuli ekhamera yayo ye-drone, yavalela ngokuzenzakalelayo ukubona ubuso ezindaweni ezibucayi ze-EU njengezikole—kwandisa ama-oda ayo aseYurophu ngo-37% ku-H1 2025. I-Europe, ngokuphambene, igxila ezinhlobonhlobo ezincane zezicelo ezinokubaluleka okuphezulu, kukhawula umthelela wayo omkhulu emakethe kodwa igcina ubuholi emikhakheni ebalulekile.
Ukuzivumelanisa nemithetho kuyimpi eyinkimbinkimbi. Izinkampani zaseYurophu zazokuqala ukuthobela imithetho eqinile yokuvikela idatha, okuzinikeza inzuzo ezimakethe ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezidinga ukuthobela. Kodwa-ke, izinkampani zase-Asia zibambe iqhaza ngokushesha: iHikvision neHuawei batshale u-4.5%-6.8% wemali engenayo yonyaka ekuthobeleni, zakha izikhungo zedatha zasendaweni eYurophu futhi zathola isitifiketi se-EU EDPS, okwandise amanani emikhiqizo yazo ngo-25%-30%. Lokhu kuzivumelanisa okusheshayo kuvumele izinkampani zase-Asia ukuthi zingene ezimakethe zaseYurophu ngenkathi zigcina izinzuzo zazo zesikali.
Ikusasa: Izinto Ezintsha Ezihambisanayo, Hhayi Ukuqhudelana Okungazuzisi Lutho
Umbuzo wokuthi "ubani ohola" ekuthuthukisweni kwamamojuli ekhamera ekugcineni uncike endleleni esichaza ngayo ubuholi. Uma ubuholi bukelwa ngesabelo semakethe, ukwenza ubuchwepheshe bufikelele bonke, kanye nobubanzi bezicelo, i-Asia iyona ehola ngokusobala. Imakethe yase-Asia yamamojuli ekhamera eyi- $660 billion (2025) kanye ne-9.7% CAGR idlula imakethe yaseYurophu eyi- $85 billion kanye nezinga lokukhula elingu-8.9%, okushukunyiswa ubukhulu bemboni yezinto zikagesi zabathengi zase-Asia kanye nemikhakha yezimboni esakhula.
Nokho, iYurophu ihamba phambili ezingeni lokusungula izinto ezisebenzayo lapho ukwehluleka kungavunyelwe—njengokuthwebula izithombe zezokwelapha nokuzenzakalela kwezimboni. Ukugxila esifundeni ekuhambisaneni nasekunembeni kudale indawo eqhubekayo lapho izinkampani zase-Asia zingakwazi ukuyiphinda kalula, njengoba kudinga amashumi eminyaka wobuchwepheshe obukhethekile nobudlelwano obujulile bemboni.
Ngokubheka phambili, umkhuba omkhulu kakhulu cishe uzovela ngokubambisana phakathi kwezifunda ezimbili. Izinkampani zase-Asia zingasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe baseYurophu kwezobuchwepheshe bokubona okunembayo kanye nokuthobela imithetho ukuze zingene ezimakethe ezinemali ephezulu, kanti izinkampani zaseYurophu zingasebenzisa isilinganiso sokukhiqiza sase-Asia ukuletha ubuchwepheshe bazo kubantu abaningi. Ngokwesibonelo, ubudlelwano phakathi kweLeica neXiaomi buhlanganisa ifa le-Leica kwezobuchwepheshe bokubona namakhono okukhiqiza e-Xiaomi, kudala ama-smartphone aphezulu ahambisana nabathengi bomhlaba wonke.
Isiphetho: Ubuholi Buncike Kumongo
Akukho mpendulo eqondile ukuthi i-Asia noma i-Europe ihamba phambili ekuthuthukiseni amamojuli ekhamera—ngoba ubuholi buya ngokuthi ubhekene nani. I-Asia ihamba phambili ekwandiseni ubuchule, yenza izithombe ezithuthukisiwe zifinyelele izigidigidi futhi iqhubekisele phambili ukukhula komkhakha ngokuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezihlangene kanye nokwenziwa ngokushesha. I-Europe ihamba phambili ekuthuthukiseni okukhethekile, okuhambisana nemithetho, okuhlanganisa izimboni ezibalulekile futhi ibeke amazinga omhlaba wekhwalithi kanye nobumfihlo bedatha.
Ezinkampanini kanye nabathengi, lobu buholi obubili buyamandla. Buqinisekisa ukuthi kunezinhlobonhlobo zamamojuli ekhamera ahlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo, kusukela kumakhamera eselula angabizi kuye kumakhamera ezokwelapha asindisa impilo. Njengoba umkhakha uqhubeka ubheke ekuthwebuleni okuhlanganiswe ne-AI kanye nezinhlelo ezizimele, ukubambisana phakathi kwezinga le-Asia kanye nokunemba kwe-Europe cishe kuyochaza inkathi elandelayo yokuthuthukisa amamojuli ekhamera.
Ekugcineni, "ukuncintisana" phakathi kwe-Asia ne-Europe akuyona umjaho wokuba ngowokuqala kodwa kuyingoma yamandla ahambisanayo—isifunda ngasinye siholwa lapho amakhono aso ahlukile ekhanya khona kakhulu. Kunoma ubani otshale imali esikhathini esizayo sokuthwebula izithombe, ukunganaki iminikelo yesifunda kungasho ukulahlekelwa isithombe esigcwele sokuthuthukiswa kwamamojula ekhamera.
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