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Ukuqiniswa Kwezilwane Zasendle Kusetshenziswa Amamojuli Ekhamera Anikwa Amandla Ilanga: Izinto Ezintsha Ezakha Ikusasa Elisimeme
Kwadalwa ngo 01.05
Izilwane zasemhlabeni wethu zibhekene nezinsongo ezingakaze ziboneke—ukucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zazo zokuhlala, ukuzingelwa ngokungekho emthethweni, kanye noshintsho lwesimo sezulu kucishe kubangele ukushabalala kwezinkulungwane zezinhlobo. Sekuyiminyaka eminingi, abavikeli bezilwane baye bathembele ezindleleni zokuhlola ezijwayelekile, kusukela emaphethelweni asemhlabathini kuya emakhamera ajwayelekile, kodwa lezi zindlela azihlale zanele: impilo enomkhawulo yebhethri ikhawulela ububanzi bokusebenzisa, ukuncika emandleni kagesi akukwazi ukufinyelela izindawo ezikude, futhi ukubambezeleka kokuthola idatha kuvimbela ukungenelela ngesikhathi. Emashumini eminyaka adlule, kuye kwavela isixazululo esiguquguqukayo: amandla elangaamamojuli ekhamera. Ngaphezu kokuba yisibuyekezo esithi "siluhlaza", la madivayisi achaza kabusha ukongiwa kwezilwane zasendle ngokuhlanganisa amandla avuselelekayo nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokuthwebula idatha. Lesi sihloko sihlupha ukuthi amamojuli ekhamera asebenzisa amandla elanga axazulula kanjani izinselelo ezinde zokongiwa kwezilwane, aqhuba amasu okuvikela amasha, futhi avule indlela yokuhlalisana okuzinzile phakathi kwabantu nezilwane zasendle.
Imikhawulo Yokulandelela Izilwane Zasendle Ngendlela Yakudala: Kungani Amandla Elanga Eyisishintshi Semidlalo
Ukuqonda umthelela wokuguqula wama-module ekhamera anikwa amandla ilanga, kuqala sidinga ukuvuma izinkinga zamathuluzi ajwayelekile okuqapha. Izicupho zekhamera ezisebenza ngebhethri, nakuba ziwusizo ekubambeni imisebenzi yezilwane zasendle, zihlushwa yimpilo yebhethri emfushane—ezivame ukuhlala amasonto ambalwa ezindaweni ezinomsebenzi omkhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amaqembu okongiwa kwemvelo kufanele enze uhambo olubiza kakhulu olunzima ukuya ezindaweni ezikude ukuze ashintshe amabhethri, kuphazamise izindawo zokuhlala futhi kuqondise izinsiza kwezinye izabelo ezibalulekile. Ezindaweni ezingenayo ugesi, njengamahlathi ajulile, izintaba, noma izindawo zasogwadule, ukufaka izinhlelo zokuqapha ezihlala isikhathi eside kuba cishe kungenzeki.
Amanethiwekhi anobugebengu bokuzingela ngokungekho emthethweni, ngaleso sikhathi, ayakusebenzisa lezi zikhala ekugadeni. Abazingeli ngokungekho emthethweni bahlasela izindawo ezikude lapho amaphoyisa engavamile khona futhi izicupho zekhamera zivame ukungasebenzi ngenxa yamabhethri afile. Ngaphambi kokuba abalondolozi bathole umsebenzi wokuzingela ngokungekho emthethweni, kuvame ukuba sekwephuze kakhulu ukubamba abenzi bobubi noma ukusindisa izilwane ezithintekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakhamera endabuko avame ukugcina idatha endaweni, okudinga ukutholwa ngokomzimba ukuze kufinyelelwe kumavidiyo. Lokhu kulibaziseka kusho ukuthi izinsongo ezibucayi ngesikhathi—njengokwanda okungazelelwe kokuzingela ngokungekho emthethweni, umlilo ohlasela indawo ebalulekile yokuhlala, noma isilwane esilimele esidinga ukunakekelwa—azixazululwa izinsuku noma amasonto.
Amamojuli ekhamera asebenzisa amandla elanga axazulula lezi zinkinga ngokusebenzisa amandla avuselelekayo ukuze avumele ukuqapha okuqhubekayo, esikhathini eside ngisho nasezindaweni ezikude kakhulu. Ifakwe amaphaneli elanga asebenza kahle kakhulu namabhethri e-lithium-ion angashajwa kabusha, lezi zinsiza zingasebenza isikhathi esingenamkhawulo ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zelanga, ziqede isidingo sokushintsha amabhethri njalo. Ihlanganiswe namakhono okudlulisa idatha engenantambo, ihlinzeka ngokufinyelela ngesikhathi sangempela kumafutha nedatha yenzwa, ivumela abalondolozi ukuthi basabele ezinsongweni ngokushesha. Leli shintsho kusukela ekuqaphelweni "okuphendulayo" kuya "okuvimbayo" liguqula imizamo yokulondolozwa kwezilwane zasendle.
Ukuthi Amamojuli Ekhamera Asebenzisa Amandla Elanga Asebenza Kanjani: Ukuhlaziywa Kobuchwepheshe Kwabongela Izilwane Zasendle
Amamojuliwekhamera asebenzisa amandla elanga angaphezu nje kwamakamera anezipaneli zelanga—ayizinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe eziklanyelwe ukubekezelela izimo ezinzima zezindawo ngenkathi ziletha ukusebenza okuthembekile. Ake sihlaziye izakhiwo zazo eziyinhloko nokuthi zisebenza kanjani ndawonye ukusekela imizamo yokongiwa:
1. Amapaneli Elanga Asebenza Kahle Kakhulu Nokugcinwa Kwamandla
Inhloso enkulu yamadivayisi la amaphaneli elanga, akhipha amandla elanga abe amandla kagesi. Amamodeli esimanje asebenzisa amaphaneli elanga e-monocrystalline noma e-polycrystalline anomkhawulo wokusebenza ka-15–22%, aqinisekisa ukuthi angakhiqiza amandla anele ngisho nasezindaweni ezinokukhanya okuncane (njengamahlathi avundile noma izindawo ezinefu). Amandla agcinwa kumabhethri e-lithium-ion anomthamo omkhulu, ahlinzeka ngamandla ebusuku, ezinsukwini ezinefu, noma ezikhathini zokukhanya okuncane. Amamodeli amaningi athuthukile futhi anezinhlelo zokuphatha amandla ezilawula ukusetshenziswa kwamandla—isibonelo, ukucisha i-flash ye-infrared yekhamera ezikhathini zokusebenza okuphansi noma ukulungisa ukuzwela kwe-sensor ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.
2. Amakhamera Nezinzwa Eziqinile
Amamojuli ekhamera asebenzisa amandla elanga akhelwe ukubekezelela izinga lokushisa elidlulele, imvula enkulu, uthuli, ngisho nokulimala kwezilwane. Ngokuvamile anezindlu ezivalwe ngesikrini sezulu ezinezinga le-IP67 noma eliphezulu, okusho ukuthi azingeni nothuli futhi zingabhekana nokucwiliswa emanzini afinyelela kumamitha angu-1. Amakhamera ngokwawo ahlinzeka ngokuthwebula izithombe ezinezinga eliphezulu (ama-MP angu-12–20 ezithombeni, i-1080p noma i-4K kuvidiyo) nokubona ebusuku nge-infrared, okwenza kube nokuthwebula okucacile emini nasebusuku. Amaningi futhi afaka izinzwa zokunyakaza (izinza ze-PIR) ezivula ukuthwebula kuphela lapho izilwane zasendle zikhona, okonga amandla futhi kunciphisa inani lokuthwebula okungabalulekile.
3. Ukudluliswa Kwemininingwane Ngokungenantambo Nokuxhumana
Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezintsha kumamojuli ekhamera anikwa amandla ilanga ngesikhathi samanje ukudluliswa kwedatha okungenantambo. Ngokusebenzisa i-4G LTE, i-GPS, noma ngisho nokuxhumana kwe-satellite (ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu), lezi zixhobo zingathumela izithombe zesikhathi sangempela, izithombe, kanye nedatha yenzwa kudeshibhodi emaphakathi efinyelelekayo ngamakhompyutha noma izixhobo zeselula. Lokhu kususa isidingo sokuthola idatha ngokomzimba futhi kuvumela abalondolozi ukuthi babheke izindawo eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Amamodeli athile athuthukisiwe futhi ahlanganisa ukubona izithombe okusekelwe ku-AI, okungakwazi ukukhomba ngokuzenzakalelayo izinhlobo, ukuthola imisebenzi yokuzingela ngokungemthetho (njengabantu abaphethe izikhali), noma ukwazisa amaqembu ngokuziphatha okungajwayelekile (isibonelo, umhlambi wezindlovu ohamba ngasekhaya labantu).
4. Ukuhlanganiswa Kwenzwa Zemvelo
Ngaphandle kokuthwebula izithombe, amamojuli amaningi ekhamera asebenzisa amandla elanga ahlanganisa nezinye izinzwa ukuqoqa idatha yemvelo, njengokushisa, umswakama, ikhwalithi yomoya, kanye nomswakama wobumba. Le datha ibaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni ukuthi ushintsho lwesimo sezulu luthinta kanjani izindawo zezilwane zasendle futhi ingasiza abalondolozi ukuthi benze izinqumo ezisekelwe kudatha mayelana nokubuyiselwa kwezindawo noma ukufuduswa kwezinhlobo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuqapha ukushintsha kokushisa endaweni yebhere le-polar kungase kunikeze izexwayiso zangaphambi kwesikhathi ngokulahleka kweqhwa lolwandle, kuyilapho ukuqapha amazinga omswakama emahlathini emvula kungasiza ekuhlonzeni izindawo ezisengcupheni yokonakala kwezindawo okubangelwa ukoma.
Izicelo Ezintsha: Amakhamera Asebenza Ngelanga Ezenzakalweni Emhlabeni Jikelele
Amamojuli ekhamera asebenzisa amandla elanga akuyona nje izixazululo zethiyori—asevele asetshenziswa emaphrojekthi okongiwa kwezilwane zasendle emhlabeni wonke, aletha imiphumela ebonakalayo. Ngezansi kunezinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha ezikhombisa ukuguquguquka kwazo nomthelela wazo:
1. Amaphothulo Okulwa Nokubulala Izilwane Ezingavamile Emadlelweni ase-Afrika
Ukuzingela ngokungemthetho kuyisithiyo esikhulu esibhekene nezilwane ezinkulu zase-Afrika, okubalwa kuzo izindlovu, amakhalimela, nezilwane eziduna. E-Maasai Mara National Reserve yaseKenya, inhlangano yokongiwa kwezilwane i-Save the Elephants isihlole izinto zekhamera ezisebenzisa amandla elanga ezindaweni eziyinhloko lapho kuzingelwa khona ngokungemthetho. Amakhamera asebenzisa i-4G LTE ukudlulisa izithombe zesikhathi sangempela esikhungweni esiyinhloko, lapho abalindi baxwayiswa ngokushesha lapho kutholwa abazingeli ngokungemthetho. Kusukela kwafakwa ngo-2021, izigameko zokuzingela ngokungemthetho kulesi sihloko sezilwane ziye zancipha ngo-68%, ngokusho kombiko wonyaka wenhlangano. Amaphaneli elanga aqinisekisa ukuthi amakhamera asebenza ubusuku nemini, ngisho nasezikhathini ezinde zokoma zaseKenya, futhi uhlelo lokubona izithombe olusekelwe ku-AI lwehlisa izexwayiso zamanga ngokwehlukanisa phakathi kwabantu nezilwane zasendle.
2. Ukuqapha Izilwane Ezisengcupheni Ezindaweni Ezikude Zasehlathini.
Ihlathi lemvula i-Amazon liyikhaya lezinhlobo eziningi ezisengcupheni yokushabalala, kodwa indawo yalo ekude yenza kube nzima kakhulu ukulibuka. Ezweni laseBrazil, isifundazwe sase-Amazonas, abacwaningi abavela eNyuvesi yaseSão Paulo bafake izinto zekhamera ezisebenzisa amandla elanga ukuze balandelele i-black-faced lion tamarin esengcupheni enkulu yokushabalala. Amakhamera abekwe emiqedeni yezihlahla, lapho athatha khona izithombe zokuziphatha kokudla nokuzalana kwezinkawu. Amandla elanga asusa isidingo sokuthi abacwaningi bahambe ngezinyawo baye ehlathini lemvula njalo emavikini ambalwa ukuze bashintshe amabhethri, kunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwendawo yokuhlala. Ukudluliswa kwedatha ngaphandle kwezintambo kuvumela abacwaningi ukuthi bahlaziye izithombe besuka kude, kusheshe ukuqonda kwabo izidingo zendawo yokuhlala yezinkawu. Ngenxa yalokhu kudatha, ithimba liyiphumelele ukuthola izindawo ezintathu ezibalulekile ezintsha zendawo yokuhlala yalezi zinhlobo, manje ezivikelwa yimibutho yendawo yokongiwa kwezilwane.
3. Ukunciphisa Ukungqubuzana Kwabantu Nezinyamazane Emizaneni Yase-Asia
Ukungqubuzana kwabantu nezilwane zasendle kuyinkinga ekhulayo e-Asia, lapho izindawo zabantu ezikhulayo zihlasela izindawo zezilwane zasendle. EsiShayamthetho sase-Uttarakhand eNdiya, izindlovu zivame ukuhlasela izilimo, zicekele phansi imiphango futhi zibangele ukungqubuzana okubucayi. Ukubhekana nalokhu, i-Wildlife Institute of India ifake amamojuli ekhamera anikwa amandla ilanga emingceleni yezindawo zezindlovu. Amakhamera asebenzisa izinzwa zokunyakaza ukuthola izindlovu ezisondeleyo futhi athumele izaziso zesikhathi sangempela kubahlali bendawo nge-SMS. Lezi izaziso zinika abahlali isikhathi sokuvikela izilimo zabo futhi bashukumele endaweni ephephile, kunciphisa ukungqubuzana ngo-75% ezindaweni lapho amakhamera asetshenziswa khona. Amaphaneli elanga afakwe emapulangweni amade ukuze agweme ukulinyazwa yizindlovu, futhi amadivayisi enzelwe ukubekezelela izimvula zemvula.
4. Ukulandelela Izinyamazane Zasolwandle Emadlelweni Asogwini
Amamojuli ekhamera anikwa amandla ilanga awagcini ezindaweni zasemhlabeni—asetshenziswa futhi ukugada izilwane zasolwandle. E-Great Barrier Reef yase-Australia, abacwaningi basebenzise amakhamera angaphansi kwamanzi anikwa amandla ilanga ukulandela ukuhamba kwezinyamazane zasolwandle nokugada ukubuna kombala okubangelwa ukushisa kwamanzi. Amakhamera anikwa amandla ngamaphaneli elanga afakwe ezintantini, eziguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube amandla futhi zidlulise idatha ngaphandle kwezintambo zize ebhishi. Amavidiyo aveze imininingwane emisha ngemikhuba yokuzala nokuhamba kwezinyamazane, kanti izinzwa zemvelo ezihlanganiswe namakhamera zinikeza idatha ngezinga lokushisa kwamanzi ne-asidi—izinkomba ezibalulekile empilweni yombala. Lolu lwazi lusiza abacwaningi ukuthi bathuthukise izindlela eziphumelela kakhudlwana zokuvikela umgogodla wokhonkolo ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu.
Izinselelo kanye Nokusungulwa Okuzayo
Nakuba amamojuli ekhamera asebenzisa amandla elanga ebonise ukubaluleka kwawo, kusenezinselelo okufanele zinqotshwe. Izindleko zokuqala zamadivayisi ziphakeme kunezingibe zekhamera ezijwayelekile, okungaba isithiyo ezinhlanganweni ezincane zokongiwa kwezilwane ezinezingekho eziningi zemali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezindaweni ezinemimoya emibi kakhulu—njengokuna kweqhwa okukhulu noma izikhathi ezide zobumnyama—amaphaneli elanga angase angakhiqizi amandla anele ukuze agcine amadivayisi esebenza. Ekugcineni, ukuxhumana okungenantambo kungase kungathembeki ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu, okukhawulela ukudluliswa kwedatha ngesikhathi sangempela.
Nokho-ke, ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe kuxazulula lezi zinkinga. Abakhiqizi bathuthukisa amamojuli ashibhile asebenzisa amandla elanga, kanti amanye amamodeli manje asethengiswa ngama-30% aphansi kuneminyaka emihlanu eyedlule. Ukuthuthuka kubuchwepheshe bebhethri—njengokuthuthukiswa kwamabhethri e-lithium-sulfur ahlala isikhathi eside—kwandisa amandla amadivayisi angaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwanda kwama-satellite ase-low-Earth orbit (LEO) kuthuthukisa ukuxhumana okungenantambo ezindaweni ezikude, kuvumela ukudluliswa kwedatha ngesikhathi sangempela cishe yonke indawo emhlabeni.
Sikubheke esikhathini esizayo, singalindela ukusungulwa okwengeziwe. I-AI izoba nendima ebaluleke kakhulu, namakhamera akwazi ukukhomba izinhlobo zezilwane kuphela kodwa futhi athole izimpawu zokuhlupheka (njengezilwane ezilimele) noma ukuqubuka kwezifo. Ukuhlanganiswa nezindiza ezingenamuntu kuzovumela ukugadwa komoya, kuyilapho ubuchwepheshe be-blockchain bungasetshenziswa ukuvikela idatha nokuvimbela ukugaxeka—okubalulekile ekushushiseni abazingeli abangemthetho.
Ungakweseka Kanjani Ukulondolozwa Kwezilwane Okusebenzisa Amandla Elanga
Akudingeki ukuthi ube ngumvikeli wezilwane noma uchwepheshe wezobuchwepheshe ukuze ubambe iqhaza kuleli hlelo. Nansi eminye imikhuba ongayenza ukuze ubambe iqhaza:
• Nikela ezinhlanganweni ezisebenzisa amamojuli ekhamera anikwa amandla ilanga: Izinhlangano eziningi ezongela imvelo, njenge-Save the Elephants kanye ne-World Wildlife Fund (WWF), zamukela iminikelo eqondiswe emaphrojekthi okongela imvelo asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe.
• Phokothela ukwesekwa kwezinqubomgomo: Khuthaza ohulumeni bakho bendawo kanye nabezwe ukuthi baxhase izinhlelo zokongela imvelo ezisebenzisa amandla elanga futhi bamise imithetho evikela izindawo zezilwane zasendle.
• Khetha ubuchwepheshe obungalimazi imvelo: Uma ungumthandi wezilwane zasendle noma umnikazi womhlaba ofuna ukuqapha impahla yakho, tshela amakhamera anikwa amandla ilanga esikhundleni samamodeli akudala asebenzisa ibhethri.
• Yabelana ngokuqwashisa: Sebenzisa imithombo yezokuxhumana ukuze wabelane ngezindaba eziphumelele ekongeleni imvelo okusebenzisa amandla elanga, ubeke izinhlangano ezifanele bese usebenzisa ama-hashtag afana no-#SolarForWildlife kanye no-#TechForConservation.
Isiphetho
Amamojula wekhamera asebenza ngelanga awawona nje umkhiqizo wezobuchwepheshe—ngoba ayisikhanyiso sethemba sokugcina izilwane. Ngokubhekana nezithiyo zemikhuba yokubheka evamile, lezi zinsiza zivumela abagibeli bezilwane ukuba basebenze kahle, ngokuzivikela, nangokuhlala. Kusukela ekuvimbeleni ukuhweba kwezilwane ezindaweni ezivamile zase-Afrika kuya ekunciphiseni ukungqubuzana phakathi kwabantu nezilwane emakhaya ase-Asia, umthelela wazo usukhona emhlabeni jikelele.
Njengoba sibhekene nezinselelo eziphuthumayo zokushintsha kwesimo sezulu nokulahleka kwezindawo zokuhlala, ukwamukela amandla avuselelekayo nobuchwepheshe obuphambili kuzoba kubalulekile ekuvikeleni ubuhlobo bezilwane bomhlaba wethu. Amamojula wekhamera asebenza ngelanga ayisibonelo esihle sokuthi kanjani ubuchwepheshe obusha bungahambisana nokugcina izilwane, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwabo okuqhubekayo nokwethulwa kuzodlala indima ebalulekile ekwakheni ikusasa elihlala njalo kubantu nasezilwaneni.
Noma ngabe ungumeluleki wezokongiwa, umthandi wezobuchwepheshe, noma nje umuntu onakekela imvelo, lokhu kuyisinyathelo esifanele ukwesekwa. Ngokubambisana, singasebenzisa amandla elanga ukuvikela izilwane zasendle ezenza umhlaba wethu ube yingqayizivele.
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