isiZulu
Amamojuli Ekhamera Kumalobothi Okunakekela Asebekhulile Ukutholwa Kokuwa: Ukuchaza kabusha ukuphepha kwabadala
Kwadalwa ngo 01.05
Ukuwa kuyimbangela enkulu yokulimala ngisho nokufa kwabantu abadala emhlabeni wonke. NgokweNhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba (WHO), cishe izigidi ezingu-37.3 zokuwa ezidinga ukwelashwa kwenzeka minyaka yonke kubantu abaneminyaka engu-65 nangaphezulu. Kubantu abadala abahlala bodwa noma ezindaweni zokunakekelwa, imiphumela yokuwa—njengokulala isikhathi eside phansi ngaphandle kosizo—kuvame ukubhebhethekisa ubungozi bezempilo. Kulo mongo, oo-robhothi abanakekela abantu abadala abahlome ngama-module ekhamera athuthukisiwe, baye bavela njengesixazululo esishintsha imidlalo sokuthola ukuwa ngesikhathi sangempela. Ngokungafani nezinkinobho zokubiza izimo eziphuthumayo zakudala noma amadivayisi agqokwayo athembele ekubambisaneni kwabantu abadala, izinhlelo zokuthola ukuwa ezisekelwe ekhamera zinikeza ukuqapha okungapheli, okungaphazamisi, okuzenza zithembeke kakhulu ezimweni ezibucayi. Lesi sihloko sihluza ukuthi ama-module ekhamera ashintsha kanjani ukutholwa kokuwa kuma-robhothi abanakekela abantu abadala, sihlola izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe, izimo zokusebenzisa, izinselele, kanye nezimo zesikhathi esizayo.ama-module ekhamerabaye bavela njengesixazululo esishintsha imidlalo sokuthola ukuwa ngesikhathi sangempela. Ngokungafani nezinkinobho zokubiza izimo eziphuthumayo zakudala noma amadivayisi agqokwayo athembele ekubambisaneni kwabantu abadala, izinhlelo zokuthola ukuwa ezisekelwe ekhamera zinikeza ukuqapha okungapheli, okungaphazamisi, okuzenza zithembeke kakhulu ezimweni ezibucayi. Lesi sihloko sihluza ukuthi ama-module ekhamera ashintsha kanjani ukutholwa kokuwa kuma-robhothi abanakekela abantu abadala, sihlola izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe, izimo zokusebenzisa, izinselele, kanye nezimo zesikhathi esizayo.
Izinkinga Eziyinhloko Zokutholwa Kokuwa Okujwayelekile Nendima Yamamojuli Ekhamera
Ngaphambi kokungena emincintiswaneni yobuchwepheshe yamamojuli ekhamera, kubalulekile ukuqonda imikhawulo yezixazululo ezikhona zokutholwa kokuwa. Izindlela ezijwayelekile zingahlukaniswa ngokubanzi ngezinhlobo ezintathu: amadivayisi agqokwayo (isibonelo, ama-smartwatch, amapendanti), izinzwa zokucindezela (isibonelo, izinzwa ezingaphansi komata), kanye nezinhlelo zokubiza izimo eziphuthumayo. Ngayinye yalezi inezinkinga ezinkulu.
Amadivayisi agqokwayo, ngokwesibonelo, adinga abantu abadala ukuba bawagqoke njalo, umkhuba ovame ukunganakwa ngenxa yokungakhululeki noma ukukhohlwa. Izinzwa zokucindezela zikhawulelwe ezindaweni ezithile (isibonelo, imibhede, izihlalo) futhi azikwazi ukuqapha ukuwa okwenzeka kwezinye izingxenye zegumbi, njengekhishi noma indlu yokugezela. Izinkinobho zokubiza izimo eziphuthumayo zincike ekubeni umuntu omdala akwazi ukucindezela inkinobho ngemuva kokuwa—into engenakwenzeka uma bengazi noma bengakwazi ukuhamba.
Amamojuli ekhamera kuma-robhothi okunakekela asebekhulile axazulula lezi zinkinga ngokunikeza ukuqapha igumbi lonke amahora angu-24 ngosuku, ngaphandle kokudinga ukubandakanyeka okusebenzayo kusuka kubadala. Njengoba "amehlo" erobhothi, la mamojuli athwebula idatha ebonakalayo yesikhathi sangempela futhi asebenzise izibalo ze-artificial intelligence (AI) ukuhlaziya izikhundla nezinyathelo zabantu. Lapho kutholwa isikhundla esingajwayelekile (isb., ukuwa kungazelelwe, ukulala kunganyakazi), irobhothi lingakwazi ukuvula i-alamu ngokushesha, lithumele izaziso kubanakekeli noma amalungu omndeni, futhi lize linikeze usizo oluyisisekelo—ligcwalisa isikhala phakathi kokuwa nokulethwa kosizo olufika ngesikhathi.
Ubuchwepheshe obuphambili be-Camera Modules ukuze kutholwe ukuwa ku-Robots Zokunakekela Abadala
Akuwona wonke ama-camera modules afanele ukuthola ukuwa ku-robots zokunakekela abadala. Ukuqinisekisa ukunemba, ukwethembeka, nokungaphazamisi, la ma-modules kumele ahlanganise izici eziningana zobuchwepheshe ezibalulekile. Ngezansi kukhona ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko obuchaza ama-camera modules enza kahle kakhulu kulolu hlelo lokusebenza.
1. Ukuthwebula Izithombe Ezicacile (HD) Ngokulungiswa Kokukhanya Okuncane
Ukuwa kungenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, okubandakanya nobusuku lapho izimo zokukhanya zingabi zinhle. Ngakho-ke, amamojula ekhamera kufanele asekele ukuthwebula izithombe ze-HD (okungenani isinqumo esingu-1080p) futhi abe nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu ekukhanyeni okuphansi. Amamojula anamuhla asebenzisa izinzwa zezithombe ze-CMOS ezinezindawo ezinkulu zamaphikiseli (isibonelo, 1.4μm noma ezinkudlwana) kanye nezinqubo ezithuthukisiwe zokunciphisa umsindo ukuze kuthunjwe izithombe ezicacile ngisho nasezindaweni ezimnyama. Amanye amamojula aphezulu futhi ahlanganisa izinzwa ze-infrared (IR), ezingashintshela kumodi yokuthwebula izithombe ze-IR ngokuzenzakalelayo ebumnyameni obuphelele, ziqinisekisa ukuqapha okuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukulala kwabadala.
2. Ama-algorithms okubona isikhundla asebenzisa i-AI
Ukunemba kokutholwa kokuwa kuncike kakhulu kuma-algorithm e-AI ahlanganiswe nemodyuli yekhamera. Ngokungafani nezinhlelo zakuqala ezazisebenzisa ukutholwa kokunyakaza okulula (isibonelo, izinguquko zokuqunjelwa ekuminyaneni kwe-pixel), amamoduli ekhamera namuhla asebenzisa ama-algorithm okufunda ajulile—njengama-convolutional neural networks (CNNs) nama-recurrent neural networks (RNNs)—ukuze aqaphe izikhundla zomuntu namaphethini okuhamba. Lawa ma-algorithm angahlukanisa phakathi kokuwa kwangempela nemisebenzi evamile engase ifane nokuwa (isibonelo, ukuguqa ukuze uthathe into, ukuhlala phansi ngamabomu).
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunemba, amamojuli amaningi ekhamera aqeqeshwa kumakhosikati amakhulu eminyakazo yabantu abadala, okubheka izinto ezifana nezikhathi zokuphendula ezihamba kancane kanye nokuba sengozini okukhulu kwezakhiwo zomzimba zabo. Amanye amamojuli aphinde asekele ukulandelela isikhundla sangempela, esihlaziya iziqephu zokunyakaza (isibonelo, ukusuka ekumeni kuye ekuweni) kunokuba isithombe esisodwa kuphela—okunciphisa kakhulu amazinga ezinganqamuki zamanga. Ngokwedatha yomkhakha, amamojuli ekhamera athuthukisiwe anikwe amandla yi-AI angakwazi ukuthola ukunemba kokutholwa kokuwa okungaphezu kuka-95% kanye nezinga lezinganqamuki zamanga elingaphansi kuka-3%.
3. I-Edge Computing ukuze Kuvikelwe Ubumfihlo Nokubambezeleka Okuncane
Ubumfihlo buyinto enkulu kubantu abadala nemindeni yabo uma kukhulunywa ngokuqapha ngamakhamera. Ukubhekana nalokhu, amamojuli amanje amakhamera kumalobothi okunakekela abadala asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-edge computing. Kunokudlulisa idatha ebonakalayo eluhlaza kuseva yamafu ukuze icutshungulwe, izibalo ze-AI zisebenza ngqo kumshini wendawo welobothi (idivayisi ye-edge). Imiphumela yokuthola kuphela (isibonelo, "ukuwa kutholakele") nezithombe ezibalulekile ziyadlulisa, kuqinisekiswa ukuthi ulwazi olubucayi olubonakalayo aluphumi endaweni.
I-Edge computing iphinde yehlise ukubambezeleka, okubalulekile ekutholeni ukuwa. Ukucubungula okusekelwe emafini kungathatha amasekhondi ambalwa ngenxa yokubambezeleka kwenethiwekhi, kodwa i-edge computing ivumela ilobothi ukuthi lithole ukuwa futhi liqale i-alamu ngaphansi kwesekhondi elilodwa—kunikeza abanakekeli isikhathi esengeziwe sokuphendula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-edge computing ithuthukisa ukwethembeka kwesistimu ngokuphelisa ukuncika ekuxhumekeni kwenethiwekhi.
4. Idizayini Ehlanganisiwe Nelekayo Yokuhlanganiswa Kwamarobhothi
Amarobhothi okunakekela asebekhulile avame ukuklanywa ukuthi abe makhulu futhi akwazi ukuzulazula ezindaweni eziminyene (isib. imihosha, iminyango) emakhaya noma ezindaweni zokunakekela. Ngakho-ke, amamojuli ekhamera kumele abe nosayizi omncane futhi abe nelayidi. Abakhiqizi basebenzisa izinto ezincane kakhulu (isib. amalensi amancane, izinzwa ze-CMOS ezincane) ukunciphisa usayizi nesisindo samojuli, okuvumela ukuthi ihlanganiswe kalula emzimbeni warobhothi ngaphandle kokuthinta ukuhamba kwayo.
Izimo Zokusetshenziswa: Amamojuli Ekhamera Athuthukisa Kanjani Ukunakekelwa Kwasebekhulile Ezindaweni Ezihlukene
Amamojuli ekhamera kumatshana abagugileyo ayasebenza futhi angalungiswa ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zokunakekelwa, kusukela emakhaya abucala kuye ezikhungweni ezinkulu zokunakekela abalupheleyo. Ngezansi kunezimo ezivame kakhulu zokusetshenziswa nokuthi amamojuli ekhamera engeza kanjani inani kuzo zonke.
1. Ukunakekelwa Kwabagugileyo Ekhaya
Ezikhulile ezihlala zodwa emakhaya, ama-robhothi okunakekela asebekhulile afakwe amamojuli ekhamera ahlinzeka ngokuqapha ukuphepha ubusuku nemini. I-robhothi ingakwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululeka kulo lonke ikhaya, isebenzisa imojuli yekhamera yayo ukuqapha izindawo ezibalulekile njengegumbi lokuhlala, igumbi lokulala, neyokugezela—lapho ukuwa kuvame kakhulu ukwenzeka. Uma kuqashelwa ukuwa, i-robhothi ngokushesha ithumela isaziso kumalungu omndeni asekhulile nge-app yeselula, okuhlanganisa nendawo yokuwa ne kliphu emfushane yevidiyo (uma kuvunyelwe). Amanye ama-robhothi futhi anomsindo okabili okwakhelwe ngaphakathi, okuvumela amalungu omndeni ukuthi axhumane ngqo nasekhulile ukuze ahlolwe isimo sabo.
Ngaphandle kokuthola ukuwa, imodyuli yekhamera ingakwazi futhi ukuqapha imisebenzi yansuku zonke yomuntu omdala (isb., ukudla, ukuthatha imithi) futhi ithole nezinye izenzo ezingajwayelekile (isb., ukungasebenzi isikhathi eside, ukuhamba). Lokhu kunikeza amalungu omndeni ukuthula kwengqondo futhi kusiza ukuthola izinkinga zezempilo kusenesikhathi.
2. Izindlu zabahlengikazi kanye nezindawo zokuhlala ezisiziwe
Izindlu zabahlalayo asebekhulile zivame ukubhekana nenselele yokushoda kwabasebenzi, okwenza kube nzima ukuqapha njalo zonke izakhamuzi. Ama-robhothi okunakekela asebekhulile afakwe amamojuli ekhamera asiza ukunciphisa lo mthwalo ngokuhambela indawo nokuqapha izakhamuzi eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ilensi ebanzi yekhamera module (ejwayele ukuba yi-120° noma ngaphezulu) ivumela i-robhothi ukuthi lihlole indawo enkulu, kunciphise inani lama-robhothi adingekayo.
Lapho ukugukuka kutholakele, irobhothi lithumela isexwayiso esiteshini sabahlengikazi, lihlinzeka ngolwazi lwendawo ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze kube lula ukusabela ngokushesha kwabasebenzi. Ezinye izinhlelo ezithuthukile zihlanganisa nenkundla yokuphatha emaphakathi yesikhungo, okuvumela abasebenzi ukuthi babuke ukusakazwa bukhoma kusuka ekhamera yerobhothi futhi bahlele usizo ngokuphumelelayo. Lokhu akugcini ngokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwezihlali kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwabasebenzi abahlengikazi.
3. Ukunakekelwa Ngemuva Kokuhlinzwa Nokubuyiselwa Emandleni
Abaqeqebha umhlalaphansi abalulama ngokuhlinzwa (isibonelo, ukufakelwa umhlubulo) basengcupheni enkulu yokugukuka ngenxa yokuhamba kancane. Ama-robhothi okunakekela abadala anamamojuli ekhamera angasetshenziswa ezindaweni zokubuyiselwa emandleni ukuze aqaphe laba baqeqebha umhlalaphansi ngesikhathi sokululama kwabo. I-algorithm ye-posture recognition yekhamera ingalandelela ukunyakaza komuntu omdala ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca ukuze kubuyiselwe emandleni, iqinisekise ukuma kahle futhi ithole noma yikuphi ukugukuka noma ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi.
Irobhothi lingakwazi futhi ukuthumela izibuyekezo kumelaphi wokubuyiselwa emandleni, linikeze idatha ngokuqhubeka komuntu omdala kanye nanoma yiziphi izigameko ezenzekile. Lokhu kusiza abelaphi ukuthi balungise uhlelo lokubuyiselwa emandleni ngokufanele futhi kuqinisekise ukuphepha komuntu omdala kuyo yonke inqubo yokululama.
Izinselele nezixazululo ekusebenziseni amamojuli ekhamera ukuthola ukuwa
Ngaphandle kwezinzuzo zazo eziningi, amamojuli ekhamera ema-robhothini abanakekeli abadala asabhekana nezinselele eziningana okudingeka zixazululwe ukuze kukhuthazwe ukwamukelwa kabanzi. Ngezansi kunezinkinga eziyinhloko nezixazululo ezihambisanayo.
1. Izinkinga zobumfihlo
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ubumfihlo buyinto ebaluleke kakhulu kubantu abadala. Ukubhekana nalokhu, abakhiqizi bafaka izinyathelo eziningana: (1) Ukusebenzisa i-edge computing ukucubungula idatha endaweni, njengoba kuxoxiwe; (2) Ukunikeza izilungiselelo zokuqapha ezingenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo, okuvumela abantu abadala nemindeni yabo ukuthi bakhethe izindawo okufanele ziqashwe (isibonelo, ukungafaki indawo yokugezela); (3) Ukwengeza izivalo zokuvikela ubumfihlo ezakhelwe kumojuli yekhamera, ezingavalwa uma zingasetshenziswa; (4) Ukuthobela imithetho eqinile yokuvikela idatha, njenge-GDPR eYurophu kanye ne-CCPA eCalifornia, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi noma iyiphi idatha eqoqwe ivikelekile futhi isetshenziselwa kuphela ukuthola ukuwa.
2. Amanani ezingozi ezingamanga
Ama-alamu angamanga angaholela ekukhathaleni kwabanakekeli futhi anciphise ukwethemba ohlelweni. Ukunciphisa ama-alamu angamanga, amamojuli ekhamera aqhubeka nokuthuthukiswa ngama-algorithms e-AI athuthukile. Ngokwesibonelo, amanye amamojuli asebenzisa ukuhlola okuningi, ehlanganisa idatha ebonakalayo neyokufaka evela kwezinye izinzwa zerobhothi (isb., ama-accelerometer, ama-gyroscopes) ukuqinisekisa ukuwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abakhiqizi banikeza izibuyekezo ezijwayelekile zesofthiwe ukucwenga ama-algorithms ngokusekelwe kudatha yokusetshenziswa kwezempilo yangempela.
3. Izithiyo Zezindleko
Amamojuliwekhamera aphezulu ahlanganiswe ne-AI angabiza kakhulu, okwenza izinduku zokunakekela asebekhulile zingafinyeleleki kwabanye asebekhulile kanye nezikhungo zokunakekela. Ukunciphisa izindleko, abakhiqizi balungisa izinto zokuhlinzekwa futhi bamukela izingxenye ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ngaphandle kokudela ukusebenza. Abanye futhi banikeza izinhlobo ezisekelwe ekubhaliseni, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhokhe imali yanyanga zonke esikhundleni sezindleko ezinkulu zokuqala. Emazweni athile, ohulumeni nezinhlangano ezingenzi nzuzo zinikeza izibonelelo ukukhuthaza ukwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe bokunakekela asebekhulile, okuhlanganisa izinduku ezinamakhono okuthola ukuwa.
Amathrendi Esikhathi Esizayo: Isizukulwane Esilandelayo Samamojuli Amakhamera Amalobothi Okunakekela Abadala
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuthuthuka, amamojuli ekhamera amarobhothini okunakekela asebekhulile kulindeleke ukuthi athuthuke kakhulu, abe nohlakaniphile, futhi abe lula ukusetshenziswa. Ngezansi kunezindlela eziyinhloko okufanele uzibheke eminyakeni ezayo.
1. Ukuhlanganiswa Nezici Zokuqapha Impilo
Amanye ama-camera modules esikhathini esizayo ngeke nje athole ukuwa kodwa futhi aqaphe nezinye izimpawu zempilo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-computer vision, i-module ingahlaziya izinkulumo zobuso asebekhulile ukuze ithole izimpawu zobuhlungu noma ukucindezeleka, iqaphe izimpawu ezibalulekile (isb., izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo, izinga lokuphefumula) ngokushintsha okuncane kombala wesikhumba, futhi ingaqapha ngisho nokushintsha kwesisindo ngokuhlaziya umumo womzimba. Lokhu kuzoguqula ama-robots okubagadele abadala kusuka kuma-monitors alula okuvikeleka abe amathuluzi aphelele okuphatha impilo.
2. Ukuthwebula izithombe ze-3D ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunemba
Amamojuli ekhamera amanje asebenzisa kakhulu ukuthwebula izithombe ze-2D, okungahlala kunzima ukuqonda ubujamo (isibonelo, ukuhlukanisa phakathi komuntu omdala elele phansi nesithunzi). Amamojuli esikhathi esizayo azosebenzisa kakhulu ubuchwepheshe bokuthwebula izithombe ze-3D, njengamakhamera esikhathi sokuhamba (ToF) noma amakhamera e-stereo, angathwebula ulwazi lobujamo futhi enze amamodeli we-3D omkhathi. Lokhu kuzothuthukisa kakhulu ukunemba kokutholwa kokuwa, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinamathiyo.
3. Amamodeli e-AI enziwe ngendlela efanele
Wonke umuntu omdala unamaphethini wokunyakaza kanye nezenzo ezihlukile. Amamodeli ekhamera esikhathini esizayo azosekela amamodeli e-AI enziwe ngendlela efanele angakwazi ukufunda imikhuba eqondile yomuntu omdala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngokwesibonelo, uma umuntu omdala evame ukuhlala phansi ukulima, i-AI izofunda leli sono futhi ingabangi isexwayiso esingamanga. Lokhu kuzokwenza uhlelo lube oluqine kakhudlwana futhi lube lula ukulisebenzisa, luqhubeke nokunciphisa izexwayiso ezingamanga.
4. Ukuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo ze-Smart Home
Amamojuli ekhamera kuma-robhothi okunakekela asebekhulile azohlanganiswa kakhulu namanye amadivayisi asekhaya ahlakaniphile, adale uhlelo lokunakekela olubushelelezi. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho kutholwa ukuwa, i-robhothi ingavula ngokuzenzakalelayo izibani, ivule umnyango kubanakekeli, futhi yazise i-thermostat ehlakaniphile ukuthi ilungise izinga lokushisa. Lokhu kuhlangana kuzothuthukisa umuzwa wokunakekelwa jikelele futhi kwenze indawo yasekhaya iphephe kakhulu kubantu asebekhulile.
Isiphetho: Amamojuli Ekhamera—Isisekelo Sokunakekelwa Kwabadala Okuphephile Nokuhloniphekile
Ukuwa kubeka ingozi eqhubekayo empilweni kanye nokuphepha kwabadala, kodwa amamojuli ekhamera kumalobothi okunakekela abadala ahlinzeka ngesisombululo esithembekile, esingaphazamisi kule nkinga. Ngokuhlanganisa ukuthwebula izithombe ze-HD, ama-algorithm e-AI athuthukisiwe, ukubala emaphethelweni, kanye nomklamo omncane, la mamojuli ayachaza kabusha ukutholwa kokuwa futhi athuthukise ikhwalithi yokunakekelwa kwabadala. Ngenkathi izinselelo ezifana nezingqinamba zobumfihlo kanye nezithiyo zezindleko zihlala zikhona, ubuchwepheshe obuqhubekayo kanye nezinqubomgomo ezisekelayo kusiza ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga.
Ngokubheka phambili, isizukulwane esilandelayo samamojula ekhamera sizohlinzeka ngezici ezithuthuke kakhulu, sihlanganise ukuqapha impilo, ukuthwebula izithombe ze-3D, kanye ne-AI eyenziwe yaba ngeyakho ukuze kunikezwe ukunakekelwa okuphelele. Njengoba lezi zibuchwepheshe ziba lula ukufinyeleleka, amarobhothi okugcina asebekhulile ahlome ngamamojula ekhamera enokusebenza okuphezulu azodlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekusizeni asebekhulile ukuba baphile ngokuzimela nangokuphepha, ngenkathi enikeza imindeni yabo ukuthula kwengqondo. Kubanakekeli, izikhungo zokunakekela, nabakhiqizi bezobuchwepheshe, ukutshala imali ekuthuthukisweni kwamamojula ekhamera akuyona nje ithuba lebhizinisi kodwa futhi kuyindlela yokufaka isandla emphakathini obandakanya wonke umuntu futhi onakekelayo.
Uxhumane
Sicela uxhumane nathi uhambele
WhatsApp
WeChat