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Kungani Amakhamera e-HDR Ebalulekile Ezinhlelweni Zezimoto
Kwadalwa ngo 12.08
Imboni yezimoto ibhekene nokushintsha okukhulu kokuzimela nokuxhumana, lapho ukuphepha nokuqonda isimo kuvela njengokubalulekile okungaxoxiswanga. Phakathi kwezobuchwepheshe eziqhuba le shintsho, amakhamera e-High Dynamic Range (HDR) athuthuke ukusuka ezithombeni eziphakeme zokuqinisekisa zaba izingxenye ezibalulekile—ezisebenza kuzo zonke izinto kusukela kumasistimu okwesekwa komshayeli ophambili (ADAS) kuya ekuqapheleni ukuphepha kwabahlali. Ngokwehlukile kumakhamera ajwayelekile abhekene nezinkinga zokukhanya okukhulu, ubuchwepheshe be-HDR buqopha ibanga elibanzi lezigaba zokukhanya, preserving imininingwane ebalulekile ezindaweni ezimnyama nasezindaweni ezikhanyisiwe kakhulu. Le msebenzi ayikhulumi nje ngekhwalithi engcono yesithombe; ikhuluma ngokwenza ukuthi izimoto “zibone” ngokwethembeka emhlabeni ophithizelayo, ongakhethwa. Ake sihlole ukuthi kunganiAmakhamera e-HDRsezibe zibalulekile ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zemoto zanamuhla.
I-Impela Yokuphepha: Ukuhlula Izinselelo Zokukhanya Okukhulu
Izimo zomgwaqo zihluke kakhulu, nezimo zokukhanya zishintsha kakhulu emizuzwini embalwa—kusukela ekukhanyeni kwelanga okukhanyayo okukhanya phezu komgwaqo ohlanzekile kuya ezindaweni ezimnyama eziphazamisayo, noma ukuhamba ebusuku lapho kukhona ukukhanya okuphakanyisiwe. Lezi zimo zidalela "izindawo zokungaboni" kumakhamera ajwayelekile, avamise ukunciphisa imininingwane ezindaweni ezikhanyayo noma ezimnyama ukuze akhiqize isithombe esisebenzisekayo. Kwamaficha e-ADAS afana nokumisa okuphuthumayo okuzenzakalelayo (AEB) noma ukusiza ukuhamba emgqeni (LKA), lezi zindawo zokungaboni zingaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu.
Amakhamera e-HDR abhekana nale mikhawulo ebalulekile ngokuthwebula izithombe eziningi zesimo esifanayo bese zihlanganiswa zibe isithombe esisodwa esinokukhanya okulinganiselwe. Ucwaningo olushicilelwe ku-PubMed luveze ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwe-HDR okuhlanganiswe nezindlela advanced zokuhlela imibala kuthuthukisa amaphuzu e-F2 wokuthola izinto ngama-49% uma kuqhathaniswa namakhamera ajwayelekile e-dynamic range (SDR) ezimeni ezinzima. Ngamanye amazwi, lokhu kusho ukuthi imoto enezici ze-HDR ingakwazi ukwazi kahle umgibeli ophakathi kokuhamba emgwaqweni ophumile emthunzini ngosuku olukhanyayo noma ibone imoto emi phambi kwayo lapho iphuma ethuneni—izimo lapho amakhamera e-SDR angase akhombise kakhulu emuva noma angakhombisi kahle into.
e-con Systems’ STURDeCAM88 ibonisa leli thuba lokuphepha. Le kamela ye-4K HDR ebheke phambili iletha i-140dB dynamic range kanye nokunciphisa ukujikeleza kwe-LED (LFM), iqinisekisa ukuhlela kwesithombe okuqhubekayo uma uhamba ngaphansi kwezihlahla, edlula ezikhanyisweni zomgwaqo, noma ngenkathi kunesimo sezulu esibi. Ngohlelo lokuxwayisa lokuhlasela phambili (FCW), lokhu kuhunyushwa kube nezikhathi zokuphendula ezisheshayo kanye nokuhlola threats okunembile—ikakhulukazi ngezinga le-highway lapho izinqumo ezisheshayo zisalela ukuphila. Ngokufanayo, uhlelo lwe-Alpine lwe-HDR multi-view rear camera lwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukulungisa ukukhanya uma uhamba usuka epakini elingaphansi ukuya ekukhanyeni kwelanga, kukhipha umphumela "wokuphuma emhlophe" ophazamisa amakhamera ajwayelekile okubheka emuva ngesikhathi sokushintsha kokukhanya okusheshayo.
Ukuphakela i-ADAS yesizukulwane esilandelayo kanye Nokushayela Okuzimele
Njengoba izimoto ziqhubeka ziya ezingeni eliphezulu lokuzimela (Izinga 3+), ukuthembela kwazo ekuqondeni kahle imvelo kuyakhula. Izinhlelo zokushayela ezizimele (ADS) zidinga ukuqonda okungu-360 degrees kwemvelo ezungezile, zihlanganisa idatha evela kumakhamera, i-LiDAR, kanye ne-radar ngokuhlanganiswa kwezinsiza. Phakathi kwalezi zinsiza, amakhamera e-HDR adlala indima ehlukile ngokuhlinzeka ngombono ocebile—njengokuthi imininingwane yezimpawu zomgwaqo, ukubonakala kokumaka kwemigqa, kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwezinto—okungakwazi ukufaniswa kuphela yi-LiDAR ne-radar.
Iphuzu eliyinhloko likhona ekwazini kwe-HDR ukuhlinzeka ngempumelelo kwezinye izinzwa. Ngenkathi i-radar ikwazi kahle ukuthola ibanga nokushesha, ibhekana nezinkinga ekuqondeni izinto; i-LiDAR ikhiqiza imephu ye-3D enemininingwane kodwa ihlala ibiza kakhulu futhi ingasebenzi kahle ezimweni zokuna okukhulu noma emoyeni. Amakhamera e-HDR agcwalisa lezi zikhala ngokuhlinzeka ngedatha yokubona enembile ethuthukisa ukunemba kokuhlanganiswa kwezinsiza. Isibonelo, uma ihlanganiswa nedatha ye-radar, ukudluliswa kwamakhamera e-HDR kuvumela ukuqashelwa okunembile kwezinto—kuhlukanisa phakathi komgibeli nophawu olusemgwaqweni, ngisho nasemibhalweni yokukhanya ephansi.
Izinsiza zakamuva ze-hardware zikhuphule kakhulu indima ye-HDR ku-ADS. I-e-con Systems' STURDeCAM34, eyakhiwe phezu kwesikhumbuzo se-onsemi AR0341AT, inikeza ukusebenza kwe-HDR okungama-150dB okungaqondile kanye nokwesekwa kwemakhamera eminingi ehlelekile, kuvumela ukuthi kuze kube yizithombe eziyisishiyagalombili zixhume ku-NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin nge-GMSL2 interface. Ubuchwepheshe bayo obubhalwe phansi bokushaja obusheshayo buqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaphazamiseki ngesikhathi sokugcinwa kwesikhumbuzo, okuyisici esibalulekile kumaflethi azimele ezentengiselwano. Ngasikhathi sinye, ubuchwepheshe be-pixel bokukhanya kakhulu besikhumbuzo bugcina ikhwalithi yesithombe kuyo yonke ibanga lokushisa lemoto, kubhekana nephuzu elide lokukhathazeka ezindaweni zokushayela ezinzima.
Ukuhlela Kabusha Ukuhlola I-Cabin: DMS ne-OMS
Izinhlelo zokubheka ngaphakathi kwekhabhini (CMS)—kuhlanganisa Izinhlelo Zokubheka Abashayeli (DMS) kanye Nezinhlelo Zokubheka Abahlali (OMS)—seziye zaba zidingekayo ezindaweni eziningi ukuze kuvinjwe ukuhamba okuphazamisekile noma okuphazamisekile. Lezi zinhlelo zisebenzisa amakhamera angakwazi ukulandela kahle izici zobuso, ukuhamba kwamehlo, nezikhundla zomzimba kungakhathaliseki ukukhanya kwekhabhini—kusukela elangeni eliqondile elingena ngewindi eliseceleni kuya ezindlini ezimnyama ebusuku.
I- HDR technology, ehlanganiswe ne-near-infrared (NIR) sensitivity, ishintshe amandla e-CMS. I-OmniVision’s OX05C, i-sensor ye-HDR ye-global shutter ye-5MP yokukhanya emuva (BSI) yokuqala embonini yezimoto, isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-Nyxel® NIR ukuhlinzeka ngempumelelo ye-quantum yeziqu zezwe ezingu-940nm. Lokhu kuvumela i-DMS ukuthi ibone ukuhamba komshayeli noma ukuphazamiseka ngisho nasezimo zokukhanya okuphansi, kanti umsebenzi wayo wokuhlukanisa i-RGB-IR unciphisa isikhathi sokucubungula ukuze kube nezexwayiso zangesikhathi sangempela. Usayizi we-sensor ongu-6.61mm x 5.34mm uphinde unikeze abakhiqizi bezimoto ithuba lokuhlela amakhamera—okubalulekile ekufakeni i-CMS ezindaweni zokuhlala ezinhle, zesimanje.
Ubuchwepheshe be-global shutter, okuyisici esiyinhloko se-OX05C, buxazulula enye imikhawulo yezinsiza zokushaya ezijwayelekile: ukuhamba okungacacile. Emotweni esheshayo, amakhamera e-rolling shutter angaphambanisa izici zobuso noma ukuhamba kwabahlali, okuholela ekutheni kube neziphakamiso ezingalungile ezimemezeleni ze-DMS/OMS. I-global shutter ibamba isithombe sonke ngesikhathi esisodwa, iqinisekisa izithombe ezicacile, ezinembile ngisho noma imoto ihamba noma umhlali ejikijela ikhanda lakhe. I-Smart Eye, umhlinzeki ophambili wezinhlelo ze-CMS, ibonisa ukuthi le nhlanganisela ye-HDR, ubuhlakani be-NIR, kanye ne-global shutter “ivumela ukulandela ngokungaguquki ukunakwa komshayeli kuzo zonke izimo zokukhanya—kusukela ekukhanyeni kwelanga okukhanyayo kuya emnyama eduze.”
Izindleko-Efanele kanye Nokuguquguquka Kwedizayini Kwabakhiqizi Bezimoto
Ngaphandle kwezinsiza zokusebenza, amakhamera e-HDR anikeza izinzuzo ezisebenzisekayo kubakhiqizi bezimoto abafuna ukuhlela ukuphepha, izindleko, kanye nomklamo. Ama-sensor e-HDR amasha ahlanganisa izici advanced ngqo ku-chip, ehlinzeka ngezidingo zokucubungula ezisemthethweni. Isibonelo, i-OX05C ifaka ukuhlukaniswa kwe-RGB-IR ku-chip, kunciphisa izithiyo ze-bandwidth kumaphrosesa wezithombe (ISP) futhi kwehlisa ubunzima besistimu jikelele. Lokhu akunciphisi kuphela izindleko zezingxenye kodwa futhi kulula ukufaka kuzakhiwo zemoto ezikhona.
Izinhlelo ze-Multi-camera HDR zandisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko ngokuvumela ukusebenza okukhululekile. Ikhamera ye-HDR ye-Alpine HCE-C2100RD yokubuka emuva isekela izindlela zokubuka ezine (emuva, panorama, ikona, umhlaba) futhi ingaxhuma kuze kube kukhamera ezintathu ezengeziwe, ikhipha isidingo sokuba nezikhala ezihlukene ezikhethekile zokwesekwa kokupaka, ukuhlinzeka nge-trailer, kanye nokubheka izindawo eziphukile. Ngokufanayo, ukwesekwa kwe-multi-camera okuvumelanayo kwe-e-con Systems’ STURDeCAM34 kwehlisa ubunzima bokuxhuma kagesi nokusetshenziswa kwamandla uma kuqhathaniswa nezilungiselelo zekhamera ezizimele.
Ukuguquguquka kokwakha kuyinzuzo ebalulekile. Ukuze kube ne-HDR sensors—njenge-OX05C enendawo encane engama-30% uma kuqhathaniswa neyakudala—kuyavumela ukufakwa ezindaweni ezithule njengezibuko zokubuka emuva, izibambo zeminyango, noma ama-bezels edeskithophu. Lokhu kusiza abakhiqizi bezimoto ukuthi bagcine ukusebenza kahle kwe-aerodynamic kanye nezici zangaphakathi ngesikhathi sokwandisa ukuvulwa kwekhamera. Kuma-ev (izimoto zikagesi), lapho isikhala nesisindo sibalulekile, ama-HDR cameras amancane asiza ekusebenzeni kahle ngaphandle kokuphula ukuphepha.
Ikusasa le-HDR emashini: I-AI nokuqhubeka
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bezimoto buhamba phambili, amakhamera e-HDR azoba nendima ehlanganisiwe kakhulu nobuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI) kanye nokufunda ngomshini (ML). Ucwaningo lwe-PubMed lugcizelele amandla okuthola umqondo wokuhlela ithoni (DI-TM), indlela eqhutshwa yi-AI ethuthukisa ukucubungula izithombe ze-HDR ukuze ihambisane nemisebenzi ethile yokuthola izinto. Ngokuqeqesha amanethiwekhi e-neural ukuze abeke phambili izici ezibalulekile—njengokubukeka kwabantu noma imibala yezibani zomgwaqo—i-DI-TM ithuthukisa ukunemba kokuthola ngama-13% uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlela ithoni okujwayelekile. Le ndaba phakathi kwe-HDR ne-AI izoba ibalulekile ukuze kube nokuzimela kwe-Level 4+, lapho izimoto kumele zenze izinqumo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngesikhathi sangempela.
Izitayela ezivela emhlabeni zikhombisa futhi ukwanda kokuxazulula okuphezulu kanye nezinga lokushintsha elisheshayo. Amakhamera e-4K HDR afana ne-STURDeCAM88 asevele anikeza ukuxazulula okungu-8.3MP ku-30fps, okuvumela ukutholwa kwesikhumbuzo sezithuthi nezimpawu zomgwaqo ezikude. Ukuhlaziywa okuzayo kungase kuthuthukise ukuxazulula ku-8K kanye nezinga lokushintsha le-60fps, kuthuthukisa ukuqashelwa kwezinto ngezinga eliphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthuka kwezinsiza ze-HDR ezisebenza ngamandla aphansi kuzokwandisa impilo yebhethri ye-EVs, kubhekana nenkinga ebalulekile yokuhamba ngogesi.
Imithwalo yokulawula izoqhubeka nokushayela ukwamukelwa kwe-HDR. Njengoba ohulumeni emhlabeni jikelele beqinisekisa izindinganiso zokuphepha eziqinile—njengokuhlelwa kwe-EU kweMithetho Yokuphepha Jikelele (GSR) kanye nezidingo ze-ADAS eziphakanyisiwe ze-NHTSA—amakhamera e-HDR azoba yisici esiyisisekelo esikhundleni sokuba inketho ephakeme. Ikhono lokuthola ubufakazi ngokwethembeka ezimeni zokungqubuzana (ngokusebenzisa ama-dash cam) futhi kubeka i-HDR njengensiza ebalulekile ezinhlelweni zokuqinisekisa nezokuphatha, okuqhubeka nokusheshisa ukwamukelwa.
Isiphetho: I-HDR njengesisekelo sokuhamba okuphephile, okuzenzakalelayo
Amakhamera e-HDR asephumelele emsebenzini wawo njengamathuluzi "okuthuthukisa izithombe" ukuze abe izingxenye ezisemqoka zokuphepha kwemoto yesimanje nokuzimela. Ngokunqoba izinselelo zokukhanya ezinzima, ukuvumela ukuhlanganiswa kwezinsiza ngokunembile, ukuhlela kabusha ukuqapha kwekhabhinethi, nokuhlinzeka ngezixazululo zokwakha ezisebenzayo, ubuchwepheshe be-HDR buhlinzeka ngezidingo eziphuthumayo zabakhiqizi bezimoto, abashayeli, kanye nabalawuli. Idatha ethile—kusukela ku-49% yokuthuthukiswa kokutholwa kwezinto kuya ekusebenzeni okwethembekile kokukhanya okuphansi—ikhuluma ngenani elingaphikiswa le-HDR ekugwemeni izingozi nasekuvumeleleni ukuhamba okwakha okwakha.
Njengoba izimoto ziba nekhono lokuxhumana nokuzimela, isidingo sama-sistimu okubonwa aqinile, athembekile sizokhula kuphela. Amakhamera e-HDR, anekhono lokuguqula "izindawo ezingenakubona" zibe "umbono ocacile," awabalulekile kuphela—aziwatholakali. Kubakhiqizi bezimoto abafuna ukuhlukanisa izimoto zabo emakethe enokuncintisana, ukutshalwa kwezimali kubuchwepheshe be-HDR akusikho ukukhetha; kuyisithembiso sokuphepha, ukusungula, kanye nekusasa lokushayela.
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