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Amamojula weKhamera ku-ADAS: Iziqhwaga Ezingenakubalwa Ezisebenza Ukuqinisekisa Ukuphepha Kokushayela Okulandelayo
Kwadalwa ngo 12.08
Njengoba izinhlelo zokwesekwa kwabashayeli ezithuthukisiwe (ADAS) zishintsha zisuka ezicini ezikhethwayo zibe imishini ejwayelekile, amamojula wekhamera avele njengesisekelo esibalulekile sokuthola imizwa kwemoto zanamuhla. Lezi zisetshenziswa ezincane kodwa ezinamandla azisaphenduki "amakhamera ezimoto" kuphela—zizinhlelo zokubona eziyinkimbinkimbi ezihumusha umhlaba ozungeze izimoto, zivumela imisebenzi yokuphila ebalulekile kusuka ekumelaneni kokuphuthumayo okuzenzakalelayo kuya ekusizeni ukugcina umgwaqo. Ngokuhloswe kokuthunyelwa emhlabeni jikelele okukhulayo okukhuluma ngonyaka okungu-22% kuze kube ngu-2030, i-ADASamamojula ekhameraare undergoing a remarkable transformation driven by pixel density upgrades, AI integration, and seamless sensor fusion. Let’s dive into the innovations reshaping this essential technology and why it matters for drivers, automakers, and the future of mobility.
I-Great Leap: Kusuka Kwaningi Kuya Kwaliti Kuma-ADAS Cameras
Iminyaka eyishumi edlule, imoto eziningi zazine ikhamera eyodwa kuphela yokubheka emuva ukuze zisize nge-parking. Namuhla, umbono ushintshile kakhulu. Isixazululo se-BYD esisha se-"Sky Eye" ADAS siqukethe amakhamera angu-11-12 ngempahla, kanti izibikezelo zezimboni zikhomba ukuthi imoto ejwayelekile izoba namakhamera angu-10 ngonyaka ka-2030—ukuphindaphinda okungaphezu kokuphindwe kabili kwamanani wamanje. Le mpumelelo ayikhethiwe; iyaphendula ngqo ekukhuleni kokwakhiwa kwezenzo ze-ADAS:
• Izimoto ze-L0/L1: Gcina amakhamera angu-1-3 ukuze uthole izici ezisemqoka zokuphepha
• L2+/L3 systems: Zidinga amakhamera angu-11-13 ukusekela ukuhamba ngaphandle kwezandla, ukubuka okuphelele kwe-360°, nokuhlonza izimpawu zomgwaqo
• L4/L5 ukuzimela: Thuthukisa ukuze kube nezikhamuzi eziyi-11 njengoba ukuthuthuka kwesofthiwe kunciphisa ukuphindaphinda kwezinsiza.
Kodwa inani kuphela alanele. Imboni ibona "ukuguqulwa kwe-megapixel" okwenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kwakukhawulelwe kumasensor angu-1.3MP, amakhamera e-ADAS ashintsha ngokushesha abe kumazinga angu-3MP no-8MP, nezimodeli ezisezingeni eliphezulu seziqalile ukwamukela izinhlobo ze-12MP. I-Goldman Sachs ibikezela ukuthi amakhamera angu-8MP azoba ne-59% yokuthunyelwa ngonyaka ka-2030, uphumelele ku-14% kuphela ngo-2025. Le shintsho akukhona nje ngokuba nezithombe ezicacile—kukhona futhi ngokwandisa ububanzi bokuthola: ikhamera engu-8MP ingakwazi ukuhlonza izimpawu zomgwaqo ngama-30% kude kunomlingani wayo we-3MP, inika ama-algorithms e-ADAS isikhathi esibalulekile sokuphendula.
Izinguquko Eziyinhloko Zobuchwepheshe Ezichaza Kabusha Amakhamera e-ADAS
1. Ama-Sensors Aphezulu-Ukucaciswa Ahambelana Nokwakhiwa Okuphansi-Kwempilo
Inkinga enkulu ekuthuthukiseni amakhamera e-ADAS? Ukulinganisa ukusebenza nokusebenza kahle kwamandla—ikakhulukazi ezimotweni zikagesi (EVs) lapho wonke amawatt ethinta ibanga. Izinkampani ezifana ne-Aichip zixazulula lokhu ngezichips ezikhethekile ezifana ne-M57, ehlanganisa i-10TOPS NPU kanye ne-ISP eyenziwe ngokwezifiso ukuze processing 8MP ividiyo ngenkathi kugcinwa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi kakhulu. Le noveli yehlise amakhamera aphezulu kakhulu afinyeleleka kumamodeli ajwayelekile: ngo-2025, ama-modules e-8MP azobe efakwe ezimotweni ezibiza okungama-12,000 (80,000 RMB), ehla ukusuka ku-30,000+ namuhla.
2. Ukuqonda Okuphakanyisiwe Ngobuchwepheshe Be-AI Ngaphezu Kokubona Okuyisisekelo
Izithombe ze-ADAS zesimanje azisagcini nje ngokuthwebula izithombe—zikhuluma ngazo ngesikhathi sangempela. Ng thanks to AI efakwe ngaphakathi kanye ne-algorithms ye-BEV (Bird’s Eye View), izithombe manje zingakwazi:
• Thola izinto eziyinqaba (isb., izithiyo zokwakha) nezingozi ezishukumisayo (isb., abahamba ngezinyawo ngokungafanele)
• Hlukanisa izimoto, abahambi ngezinyawo, kanye nabagibeli ngebhasi ngokuqinisekiswa kwe-99%
• Jabulela izimo zokukhanya ezinzima nge-Wide Dynamic Range (WDR) technology
Isixazululo se-Aichip esisekelwe ku-M57, esithuthukiswe ne-STRADVISION, sikhombisa le msebenzi ngokuvumela izici ze-L2 ezifana nokulawula ukuhamba okushintshashintshayo (ACC) kanye nokugxila emgqeni (LCC) ngekhamera eyodwa ye-8MP ebheke phambili ². Uhlelo luhlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile zokuphepha ze-ASIL-D kanye nemithetho ye-AEB ezayo, kukhombisa ukuthi amakhamera athuthukiswe nge-AI angahlinzeka ngempumelelo efana nezinhlelo eziningi ze-sensor.
3. Ukuhlanganiswa Kwezinsiza: Amakhamera njenge "Glue" ye-ADAS
Ngenkathi i-LiDAR ne-radar zenza kahle ekukaleni ibanga, amakhamera ahlinzeka ngombono ochaziwe odingekayo ukuze kwenziwe izinqumo ezicacile. Le ngxenye—eyaziwa ngokuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwezinsiza—iyanda ekwakhiweni kwe-ADAS. Isibonelo:
• Amakhamera abona imibala yezibani zomgwaqo nemigqa yomgwaqo
• IRada ikala ijubane lemoto ezisondela
• Amamephu e-LiDAR ahlola izindawo ezi-3D ukuze agweme ukuhlangana
I-AMD's Zynq UltraScale+ MPSoC platform ibonisa le mikhuba, ihlanganisa idatha yekhamera ne-LiDAR kanye nezinput ze-radar ukuze kudalwe imodeli ebanzi yemvelo. Umphumela? Izinhlelo ze-ADAS ezisebenza kahle ezimeni zembobo, umoya, nezimo zokukhanya okuphansi—izimo lapho ama-sensors athile angase aphumelelayo.
Izimo Zokuhweba: Ubani Ohola Uguquko LweKhamera ye-ADAS?
Abaphumeleli Bendawo Bakhuthaza Ukunciphisa Izindleko
Imboni yezimoto yaseShayina ihola ukuvuselelwa kwemakethe ye-ADAS cameras. Abahlinzeki bendawo baphinde bawunciphise izindleko zezimoduli ngo-40% eminyakeni emithathu edlule, benza izici ezifana nombono ojikelezayo we-360° zibe yizinga elijwayelekile ezimotweni ezithenga u-100,000 RMB ($15,000). Ngonyaka ka-2024, abakhiqizi bezimoto baseShayina babamba u-65% wezifakelo ze-ADAS cameras emhlabeni jikelele, kanti Izimoto Ezintsha Zamandla (NEVs) zihola ukwamukelwa ngama-cameras angu-4.4 ngemoto—phezulu kakhulu kunomkhakha ojwayelekile ongu-3.2.
Abadlali Bamazwe Ngamazwe Bagxile Ekuthuthukiseni Okukhethekile
Izinkampani zamazwe omhlaba ezifana ne-AMD ne-Mobileye ziqondisa emakethe ephezulu ngezixazululo ezithuthukile. Ama-chips e-AMD’s Versal AI Edge asekelwa ukucubungula amakhamera e-8K kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwesikhumbuzo ngesikhathi sangempela, kanti ama-chips e-Mobileye’s EyeQ6 aphakela imisebenzi ye-L3+ ezimotweni ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Le mboni ye-dual-track—abakhiqizi bendawo behambisa ivolumu, abadlali bomhlaba bephusha imingcele—iqinisekisa ukuthi amakhamera e-ADAS aqhubeka nokuthuthuka kokubili ezingeni lempahla.
Umthelela Wangempela: Indlela Amakhamera e-ADAS Asindisa Ngempilo
Izinga lobuchwepheshe liholela ekutheni kube nokuphepha okubonakalayo. Ngokusho kwe-Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS), izimoto ezihlinzekwe nge-AEB esekelwe kumakhamera zinciphisa ukuhlinzwa okuphambene ngama-50%. Kubantu abahamba ngezinyawo, umthelela ubukhulu kakhulu: ukutholwa kwabantu abahamba ngezinyawo ebusuku, okuvunyelwe ngamakhamera aphansi ukukhanya kanye ne-AI, kunciphisa ukufa ngama-37%. Lezi zibalo zichaza ukuthi kungani abaphathiswa emhlabeni jikelele bephoqelela izici ze-ADAS: Umthetho Omusha Wokuphepha Jikelele (GSR) we-EU udinga i-AEB nezinhlelo zokugcina umgwaqo kuzo zonke izimoto ezintsha ngo-2026, kanti izindinganiso ze-AEB ezizayo eChina zizokwenza amakhamera e-8MP abe yisidingo esincane sokufakazela ukuphepha.
Umgwaqo Olandelayo: Yini elandelayo kuma-ADAS Cameras?
1. Ngaphezu kwe-8MP: Ukuncintisana ku-12MP no-16MP
Njengoba ukuzimela kwe-L4 kuqhubeka kufika eduze, amakhamera azodinga isixazululo esiphezulu ukuze athole izingozi ezikude futhi afunde imininingwane emincane (isb. imigoqo yomgwaqo ehlakazekile). Abaphakathi kwezimboni bakhula ukuthi ama-sensor angama-12MP azongena ekukhiqizeni okukhulu ngonyaka ka-2027, kanti ama-module angama-16MP azolandela ngonyaka ka-2030. Lezi zinguquko zizovumela ukutholwa "kwesikhathi eside kakhulu"—okubalulekile ekushayeleni emgwaqweni ophakeme ngama-130 km/h (ama-80 mph).
2. V2X Ukuhlanganiswa: Amakhamera njengezikhungo Zokuxhumana
Izithombe ze-ADAS zesikhathi esizayo azizobona kuphela—zizokhuluma. Ngokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe be-Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X), izithombe zizokwabelana ngedatha yokubona ngesikhathi sangempela nezinye izimoto, izakhiwo, nezinkundla zamafu. Cabanga ngalesi sithombe esithola umuthi owa phansi emgqeni futhi sishayele izimoto eziseduze—ngisho nezikhona ngaphandle komugqa oqondile wokubona. Le mbono yokubambisana izosusa izindawo ezingenakubona futhi ivumele ukuphepha okuhlanganyelwe.
3. Ukunciphisa Usayizi Nokuhlanganiswa Kwezemfashini
Abakhiqizi bezimoto baqhubeka nokufaka amakhamera ezithombeni, emigqeni, nasezinqeni ukuze bagcine imiklamo ebukekayo. Amamojula alandelayo azoba amancane ngo-30% futhi alula, anama-form factors aguquguqukayo ahambelana nezindawo ezifihlekile. Abanye abakhiqizi baphinde bathuthukisa amakhamera "angabonakali" ngemuva kwamapaneli e-glass, kunciphisa ukucindezela kwe-aerodynamic ngenkathi kuvikelwa ama-sensors em dirt nasekulimazeni.
Isiphetho: Amakhamera ayinhliziyo ye-ADAS Innovation
I-ADAS camera modules seziye phambili kakhulu zisuka ezinsizeni zokupaka ezilula zaya ezinhlelweni zokubona ezihlakaniphile ezisebenza ngekusasa lokushayela. Ukuthuthuka kwazo—okubhalwe ngokuqina okuphezulu, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-AI, nokuhlanganiswa kwezinsiza—kwenza izindlela ziphephe, kusheshiswe ukwamukelwa kwe-EV, futhi kufaka isisekelo sokuzimela okuphelele. Kubakhiqizi bezimoto, ukutshalwa kwezimali kubuchwepheshe bezithombe obuphambili akusikho kuphela isidingo sokuhambisana—kuyinzuzo yokuncintisana. Kubashayeli, kuyithembiso yokuhamba okuphephile, okulula.
Njengoba sibheka ku-2030, into eyodwa icacile: Amakhamera e-ADAS azohlala engamaqhawe angadumile obuchwepheshe bezimoto. Noma ungemuva kwesondo se-EV eshibhile noma imoto ezimele yokuhlala, lezi zinsiza ezincane kodwa ezinamandla zizoqhubeka nokubheka, ukuhumusha, nokuvikela—isithombe esisodwa ngasikhathi.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
1. Imoto ejwayelekile enezinhlelo ze-ADAS inamakhamera angaki?
Ngo-2024, isilinganiso sithi kukhona amakhamera angu-3.2 ngalinye imoto, sikhuphuka sibe ngu-4.4 kuma-EV. Imodeli ye-L2+/L3 isivele inamakhamera angaphezu kuka-11.
2. Yini umehluko phakathi kwamakhamera e-ADAS angama-3MP kanye nama-8MP?
8MP amakhamera anikeza ama-pixels angama-2.5x amaningi, engeza ibanga lokuthola ngama-30% futhi athuthukisa ukusebenza kahle ezimeni zokukhanya okuphansi—okubalulekile ku-AEB nasekukhombiseni izimpawu zomgwaqo.
3. Ingabe amakhamera e-ADAS athinteka yizimo zezulu ezimbi?
Amamojula anamuhla asebenzisa i-WDR, ubuchwepheshe be-infrared, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezinsiza nge-radar/LiDAR ukuze enze umsebenzi emvula, emoyeni, nasenshonalanga.
4. Ng cuándo kuzoba izithombe ze-12MP ADAS ezizoba ziqinisekisiwe?
Kukholakala ukuthi ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kuzokwenzeka ngonyaka ka-2027, njengoba ukwamukelwa kukhula njengoba i-L4 autonomy ikhuliswa.
5. Izithombe ze-ADAS zenza kanjani ukufaka isandla ekusebenzeni kwe-EV?
Amachips aphansi amandla afana ne-M57 ye-Aichip anciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwekhamera ngama-50%, agcina ibhethri isikhathi sokusebenza ngenkathi kugcinwa ukusebenza.
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