isiZulu
Isayensi Ngemuva Kwezindlela Zokugxila Okuzenzakalelayo Emamoduli Wamakhamera
Kwadalwa ngo 11.10
Esikhathini sokuthwebula izithombe nge-smartphone, amakhamera angaphandle kwemibono, kanye nezithombe zezimboni, enye into ibalulekile ekuthwebuleni izithombe ezicacile, ezicacile: ukuzenzakalelayo kokugxila (AF). Nokho, uma uthwebula isithombe se-pet yakho ngesikhathi sokudlala, ubhalela uhambo lomndeni, noma uhlole ikhodi ye-barcode endaweni yokugcina impahla, ikhono le-module yekhamera lokugxila ngokushesha nangokunembile kumqondo kuncike ezimisweni zesayensi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kodwa kwenzekani ngempela ngemuva kwe-lens uma uthinta isikrini noma ucindezela i-shutter phakathi? Le blog ihlola isayensi yezindlela zokugxila ezizenzakalelayo, ihlukanisa ukuthi kanjani ama-optics, ama-electronics, kanye nesofthiwe kusebenze ngokuhlanganyela ukuze kuhanjiswe imiphumela ecacile—ngaphandle kokuthi udinge ukujikeleza i-lens ngesandla.
1. Isingeniso: Kungani i-Auto Focus ibalulekile kuma-Module weKhamera Yesimanje
Ngaphambi kokungena esayensi, ake sichaze ukuthi kungani i-AF ingeyona into engaxoxiswanga emamodules wekhamera yanamuhla. Ukugxila ngesandla, okwakuyisilinganiso samakhamera efilimu, kudinga ukuhlela kahle kwamehlo nezandla nesikhathi—okungukuthi, izinzuzo esingazitholi ezimeni ezisheshayo. Umamodules wekhamera yeselula, ngokwesibonelo, udinga ukugxila ngaphansi kwesekhondi ukuze ubambe umzuzu oshayayo, kanti ikhamera yokuphepha kumele ilandele izinto ezihambayo (njengomuntu noma imoto) ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
Ngaphakathi kwayo, i-auto focus ixazulula inselele eyisisekelo ye-optical: ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhanya okuvela kwesihloko esithile kuhlangana kahle kwi-sensor yesithombe yekhamera. Uma ukukhanya kungacacile, kudala "umbuthano wokudideka" obhujiswa kwi-sensor, okuholela emikhiqizweni ethambile noma engacacile. Izinhlelo ze-AF zikhulula lokhu ngokulungisa isikhundla se-lens (noma i-sensor) ngesikhathi sangempela, ziqhathanisa ibanga elingcono kwesihloko futhi ziqinisa ukugxila kuze kube umjikelezo wokudideka unciphisa ube nosayizi ongabonakali.
Kodwa hhayi zonke izinhlelo ze-AF zisebenza ngendlela efanayo. Eminyakeni edlule, ubuchwepheshe bukhule kakhulu kusukela ezindleleni ezilula ezisekelwe ekuqhathaniseni kuya ezinhlelweni advanced zokuthola isigaba kanye nezinhlelo ezisizakala nge-AI—ngazinye zakhiwe phezu kwemigomo ehlukene yesayensi. Ake sizihlukanise.
2. Isayensi Eyisisekelo Yokugxila Okuzenzakalelayo: Imigomo Ebalulekile Yokuyiqonda
Ngaphambi kokuhlola izindlela ezithile, ake sichaze eminye imiqondo eyisisekelo esekela zonke izinhlelo ze-AF:
• Isithombe Sensor: I-chip ethintwa ukukhanya (ivamise ukuba yi-CMOS noma i-CCD) eguqula ukukhanya ibe izimpawu zikagesi. Ukuze ukugxila kusebenze, ukukhanya okuvela esihlokweni kufanele kuthinte ama-pixels wesithombe ngendlela ecacile.
• Izinto zeLens: Imodyuli eziningi ze-camera zisebenzisa ama-lens amaningi e-glass noma e-plastiki. Ukulungisa ibanga phakathi kwalezi zinto (noma ukuhamba kweqembu le-lens eliphelele) kushintsha “ubude bokugxila”—ibanga lapho ukukhanya kuhlangana khona ku-sensor.
• Ukuphikisana: Umehluko ekukhanyeni phakathi kwamapikseli asondele (isb., ikati elimnyama elibhekene nodonga olukhanyayo linokuphikisana okuphezulu). Izinhlelo eziningi ze-AF zisebenzisa ukuphikisana ukuze zinqume ukujula.
• Umehluko Wefu: Ukushintsha okuncane kwemisebe yokukhanya njengoba edlula ezindaweni ezahlukene ze-lens. Lokhu kushintsha kusiza ukubala ukuthi i-lens idinga ukuhamba kude kangakanani ukuze igxile—okufana nokuthi amehlo abantu asebenzisa ukubona ngezibuko ukuze akhangele ibanga.
3. I-Big Three: Izindlela Eziyinhloko Zokugxila Kwezimoto Zichazwe
Amamojula ekhamera axhomeke ezintweni ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-AF, ngayinye inamandla ayingqayizivele nesizathu sokuyisebenzisa. Ake sihlole ukuthi ngayinye isebenza kanjani, izinzuzo nezinkinga zayo, nokuthi uzothola kuphi kumadivayisi angempela.
3.1 Ukuhlola Ukuphikisana Okuzenzakalelayo (CDAF): I-“Sharpness Checker”
Contrast Detection AFCDAF) ingenye yezindlela ezindala kakhulu nezisetshenziswa kakhulu ze-AF, etholakala kumakhamera ezingeni lokungena, ama-smartphone, kanye nama-webcam. Isayensi yayo ilula: ikala umehluko wesithombe futhi ilungisa i-lens kuze kube umehluko uthuthukiswa kakhulu.
How It Works (Step-by-Step):
1. Ukuhlola Kokuqala: I-lens iqala endaweni ephakathi (isb. ibekwe ku-“infinity” noma ibanga eliphakathi).
2. Ukulinganisa Ukuqhathanisa: Isikhala se-camera sithatha isithombe sokubuka futhi sihlaziya ukuqhathanisa endaweni egxilwe kuyo (isb., emaphakathini esithombe noma endaweni oyithintayo esikrinini sefonini). Ukuqhathanisa kubalwa kusetshenziswa ama-algorithms aqhathanisa ukukhanya kwamapikseli aseduzane—izithombe ezicacile zineziphumo zokukhanya ezisheshayo (isb., imiphetho yencwadi), kanti izithombe eziphambene zineziqalo ezithambile.
3. Ukulungiswa Kwe-Lens: I-lens ihamba kancane (noma ibheke eduze noma ibheke kude ne-sensor) futhi ithatha enye isithombe sokubuka. Uhlelo luhlola umehluko phakathi kwezithombe ezimbili zokubuka.
4. Ukulungiswa Okuhle: Le nqubo "yokuhlola-nokuhlanganisa" iphinda iphinde kuze kube ukufana kufinyelela phezulu. Uma ukufana okukhulu kutholakala, ilensi iyama—le yindawo egxilile.
Isayensi Ngemuva Kwamandla:
I-CDAF inezinzuzo ezinkulu zokunembile. Ngoba ikala ngqo ukucaciswa kwi-sensor, ivame ukuphuthelwa ukugxila (ngokwehlukana nezinhlelo ezindala zokuthola isigaba). Iphinde ingadingi imishini eyengeziwe—kuphela isoftware kanye ne-sensor ejwayelekile—okwenza kube lula ukuyihlanganisa kumamojula wekhamera aphansi (isb., amadivayisi e-Android aphansi noma amakhamera okwenziwa).
Izithiyo (nokuthi Kungani Zenzeka):
• Isivinini: Ukuhlola okuhamba phambili nokubuyela emuva kuthatha isikhathi (ivamise ukuba imizuzwana engu-0.5–1). Lokhu kwenza i-CDAF ibe slow kumasubjects ahambayo (isb., ingane egijimayo noma inyoni ehlanganyela).
• Izinkinga Zokukhanya Okuphansi: Ukuqhathaniswa kwehla ezindaweni ezimnyama (ngoba kukhona ukwehluka okuncane kokukhanya phakathi kwamapikseli). I-CDAF ingase ibhujiswe ukufuna ukugxila ngaphandle kokuphela noma ibambe endaweni engalungile (isb., udonga olumnyama esikhundleni sobuso bomuntu).
Izicelo Ezivamile:
• Izinsiza eziphansi ze-smartphone (isb., amadivayisi e-Android aphansi)
• Amakhamera e-Webcam kanye namakhamera e-laptop
• Amakhamera okuthwebula nokudubula
• Amakhamera ezimboni ezihlala zihlala (isb. , ukuhlolela imibhalo)
3.2 Ukuhlonza Isigaba Ukugxila Okuzenzakalelayo (PDAF): I-“Distance Calculator”
Phase Detection AFPDAF) ixazulula inkinga yokushesha ye-CDAF ngokusebenzisa ifiziksi ukuhlela indawo ye-lens—akudingeki ukuhamba phambili nangemuva. Kuyiteknoloji engemuva kwemishini yokugxila esheshayo, ama-smartphone aphezulu, kanye ne-DSLRs.
I-Science ye-Phase Difference:
Ukuze uqonde i-PDAF, cabanga ngokubheka ngefasitela elinamagquma amabili amancane. Uma uvalela iso elilodwa, kunzima ukukala ukuthi umuthi ophumile ungakanani—kodwa uma amehlo womabili evulekile, ubuchopho bakho busebenzisa "ukwehluka kwesigaba" (ukushintsha okuncane endaweni yomuthi phakathi kwamehlo) ukuze kubalwe ibanga. I-PDAF isebenza ngendlela efanayo, kodwa ngokuqhubekayo nokukhanya kanye nezinsiza.
Ekuhlanganiseni kwesithombe, i-PDAF isebenzisa i-beam splitter (i-prism encane noma isibuko) ukuze ihlukanise ukukhanya okungena kube ama-beam amabili ahlukene. Lezi zikhanyiso zishaya ama-sensors amancane, akhethekile (abizwa ngokuthi "ama-phase-detection pixels") akala ukuthi ukukhanya kushintshe kangakanani—lokhu kuyiphuzu le-phase.
I-processor yekhamera isebenzisa ifomula elula ukuguqula umehluko wesigaba ube “ukude kokugxila”:
Ukunyakaza kweLens = (Umehluko wePhase × Ubude beFocal) / Usayizi weAperture
Ngamafuphi: uma umehluko wesigaba mkhulu, kufanele ukuthi ilensi ihambe kude ukuze igxile.
How PDAF Works in Modern Camera Modules:
Izithwebuli ezindala ze-DSLR zazisebenzisa “isixhumi sokuhlola isigaba” ngaphakathi komzimba wekhamera, kodwa amamojula ezithombe anamuhla (afana nalawo akwi-smartphones) ahlanganisa ama-pixels wokuhlola isigaba ngqo ku-sensor enkulu yezithombe. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi “i-Hybrid AF” (ngaphezulu ngalokho kamuva), kodwa isayensi eyisisekelo yokuhlola isigaba ihlala ifana:
1. Ukuhlukaniswa Kwenkanyezi: Uma ucindezela kancane isithonjana noma uthinta isikrini, i-lens ithumela ukukhanya kumaphikseli e-on-sensor phase. Lezi zikhala ziqoqwa ngeziphuzo—ikhanda ngalinye libamba umbono ohlukile kancane wesihloko.
2. Ukulinganisa Kwephasi: Umphakathi uqhathanisa imibono emibili evela kwi-pixel ngayinye. Uma isihloko singekho emgqeni, imibono izoshintshwa (njengokubona umuthi ngamehlo amabili ahlukene).
3. Uhlolo Olwakhelwe Ngomzuzu: Ngokusebenzisa umehluko wesigaba, umphakathi ubala kahle ukuthi ibhodi kufanele ihambe kangakanani nokuthi iyaphi. Ibhodi iyashintsha kube indawo efanele—akudingeki ukuhlola.
4. Ukuqinisekiswa: Ezinye izinhlelo ze-PDAF zisebenzisa ukuhlola okusheshayo ukuze ziqinise ukugxila (lapha kuvela “hybrid”), kodwa umsebenzi omkhulu wenziwa ngesinyathelo esisodwa.
Isayensi Ngemuva Kwamandla:
• Ijubane: I-PDAF ingagxila emisebenzini phakathi kwemizuzwana engu-0.1–0.3—isheshile ngokwanele ukulandela izihloko ezihambayo (isb., ukuthwebula izithombe zezemidlalo noma ividiyo).
• Ukusebenza Kwezimfanelo Zokukhanya Okuphansi: Ukuhluka kwephasi kulula ukukala ekukhanyeni okuphansi kunezinga lokuphikisana. Ngisho noma kukhona ukukhanya okuncane, uhlelo lungakwazi ukusabalalisa ibanga lokugxila, nakuba ukunemba kungase kwehle kancane.
• Continuous AF (AF-C): I-PDAF ikhuluma kahle ekulandeleni izihloko ezihambayo. Ibuyekeza izilinganiso zokwehluka kwephasi 30–60 izikhathi ngemuva kwesekhondi, ilungisa i-lens ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze igcine isihloko sikhanyisiwe.
Imikhawulo:
• Izindleko zeHardware: Ama-pixel e-phase ku-sensor athatha isikhala ku-sensor, ehla inani lama-pixel atholakalayo ukuze kuthathwe isithombe (nakuba lokhu kuncane kuma-sensor anamuhla).
• Ukuncika Kwe-Aperture: I-PDAF isebenza kahle kakhulu ngezibuko ezine-aperture ebanzi (isb., f/1.8 noma f/2.0). Ngezibuko ezincane (isb., f/8), umehluko wesigaba uba mncane kakhulu ukuze ulinganiswe kahle—ngakho uhlelo lungase lushintshe lube ku-CDAF.
Izicelo Ezivamile:
• Ama-smartphone aphezulu (isb., iPhone 15 Pro, Samsung Galaxy S24 Ultra)
• Amakhamera angaphandle kwe-mirror (isb., Sony Alpha uchungechunge, Fujifilm X-T5)
• Ama-DSLR (isb., i-Canon EOS R5, i-Nikon Z6)
• Amakhamera ezenzo (isb., i-GoPro Hero 12)
3.3 I-Laser Auto Focus (LAF): I-“Distance Scanner”
I-Laser Auto Focus (LAF) iyiteknoloji entsha, ikakhulukazi esetshenziswa kumafoni aphathekayo nakumakhamera amancane ukuze kuthuthukiswe isivinini se-AF nokunembile—ikakhulukazi ezimeni zokukhanya okuphansi. Ngokwehlukana ne-CDAF ne-PDAF, ezisebenzisa ukukhanya okuvela esubject, i-LAF ikhipha i-laser yayo ukuze ikmeasure ibanga.
Isayensi yeSikhathi Sokuhamba (ToF):
Iningi lezi zinhlelo ze-LAF zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-Time-of-Flight (ToF) — umgomo wezom physics lapho ibanga libalwa ngokukala ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuze isignali (kulokhu, i-laser) ihambe iye esubject futhi ibuyisele emuva. Ifomula ilula:
Distance = (Isivinini Sokukhanya × Isikhathi Sokuhamba) / 2
(Sihlanganisa ngo-2 ngoba i-laser ihamba iye esihlokweni bese ibuyela emuva.)
Ekuhlanganiseni kwesithombe, uhlelo lwe-LAF luqukethe izingxenye ezintathu ezibalulekile:
• I-Laser Emitter: I-laser encane, enezinga eliphansi le-infrared (IR) (engabonakali emehlweni abantu) ekhishwa ama-pulse amafushane okukhanya.
• Isixhumi Sokukhanya: Umtholi ophawula ama-pulse e-laser ngemva kokuba abuyile esubject.
• Timer: Iwashi eliqondile elilinganisa isikhathi phakathi kokukhishwa kwe-laser nokuthi kudingidwa.
How LAF Works:
1. I-Laser Pulse: Uma uqala ukugxila, umphakeli uthumela umphumela we-IR laser pulses phezulu kwesihloko.
2. Ukubonisa Nokuthola: Iziphumo zishaya isihloko bese zibuyela emuva kum sensor yokukhanya ye-module yekhamera.
3. Ubulula Bokukala: I-timer ikala isikhathi esithathwa yizigqi ukuze zibuyekeze. Ngokusebenzisa ifomula ye-ToF, umphakathi ubala ibanga eliqondile lesihloko.
4. Ukulungiswa Kwe-Lens: I-lens ihamba ngqo endaweni ehambelana nokukhala okubalwe—akukho ukuskena, akukho ukuqhathaniswa kwezigaba.
Isayensi Ngemuva Kwamandla:
• Ukugxila Okusheshayo: Ukukala kwe-ToF kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezincane (1 isigidi sesibili sesekhondi), ngakho i-LAF ingagxila ngaphansi kwemizuzwana engu-0.1—usheshisa kunezinhlelo eziningi ze-PDAF.
• Low-Light Superstar: Njengoba i-LAF isebenzisa i-laser yayo (hhayi ukukhanya kwemvelo), isebenza kahle ezindaweni ezimnyama (isb., indawo yokudlela ethule noma ebusuku). Iphinde igweme "uk hunting focus" ngoba ikala ngqo ibanga.
• Ukunemba Kwezithombe Eziphakathi: I-LAF ilungele ukufaka izithombe ezincane (isb., ukuthatha izithombe zezitshalo noma izinto ezincane) ngoba ingakwazi ukukala ubude obufushane njenge-2–5 cm—okuthile i-CDAF ivame ukuba nezinkinga nakho.
Imikhawulo:
• Ibanga Elifushane: Iningi lezi zinhlelo ze-LAF ze-smartphone zisebenza kuphela kuze kube yizinyathelo ezi-2–5. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-laser pulse iyancipha kakhulu ukuze ibonwe, ngakho-ke ikhamera ishintshela ku-PDAF noma ku-CDAF.
• Izihloko Eziqhakazile: Izindawo ezikhanyayo (isb. ingilazi, insimbi, noma amanzi) zikhombisa i-laser kude nesensori, okwenza kube nzima ukukala isikhathi sokuhamba. I-LAF ingase ingakwazi ukugxila kulezi zihloko.
• Ukuphazamiseka Kwesimo Sezulu: Imvula, ifu, noma uthuli kungasabalalisa ama-laser pulses, kunciphisa ukunemba. Emini enezimvula ezinzima, i-LAF ingase ingabi nethembeko njengokuthi i-PDAF.
Izicelo Ezivamile:
• Ama-smartphone aphakeme (isb., iPhone 15, Google Pixel 8 Pro)
• Amakhamera amancane okuthwebula izithombe ze-macro
• Amakhamera ezimboni zokuhlola ibanga elifushane (isb. 3D modeling yezingxenye ezincane)
4. Hybrid Auto Focus: Ukuhlanganisa Okungcono KweZwe Zonke
Akukho mshini owodwa we-AF ophelele—ngakho amamojula amakhamera anamuhla (ikakhulukazi kumafoni eselula nakumakhamera angaphandle kwemibhede) asebenzisa izinhlelo ze-Hybrid AF, ezihlanganisa i-CDAF, i-PDAF, kanye kwesinye isikhathi i-LAF ukuze kudlulelwe ezikhawini zomshini ngamunye.
Isayensi engemuva kwe-Hybrid AF igxile ku-“synergy”:
• I-PDAF yeSivinini: Uhlelo luqala nge-PDAF ukuze lukhawuleze luthole isihloko (lusebenzisa umehluko wesigaba ukuze lube nekhono lokubala indawo ye-lens engaphezulu).
• CDAF yokunembile: Uma i-PDAF isondela, i-CDAF iyavula ukuze ilungise ukugxila ngokwandisa umehluko—lokhu kususa noma yiziphi amaphutha amancane avela ku-PDAF (isb., ngenxa yokukhanya okuphansi noma ama-apertures amancane).
• LAF yokukhanya Okuphansi/Izithombe Eziphakathi: Ezindaweni ezimnyama noma ezithombeni ezincane, i-LAF ihlinzeka ngempela yokukala ibanga ukuze iqondise i-PDAF ne-CDAF, inciphisa isikhathi sokugxila neziphambeko.
Isibonelo, imodyuli yekhamera ye-iPhone 15 Pro isebenzisa uhlelo lwe- “Dual-Pixel PDAF” (lapho ipheya ngalinye lisebenza njengepheya lokuthola isigaba) lihlanganiswe ne-CDAF yokulungisa kahle kanye nesensori ye-ToF yokugxila ezimeni zokukhanya okuphansi. Le ndlela yokuhlanganisa iqinisekisa ukugxila okusheshayo, okunembile cishe kunoma yisiphi isimo—kusukela ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo kuya emicimbini ethokozisayo.
5. Izici Eziyinhloko Ezithinta Ukusebenza Kwe-Auto Focus
Ngisho noma iyiphi i-AF mechanism engcono kakhulu ingase ingasebenzi kahle uma ezinye izingxenye zommoduli yekhamera zingahlelwanga kahle. Nansi imingcele yesayensi ethinta ukuthi i-AF system isebenza kahle kangakanani:
5.1 Usayizi Wesensori kanye Ne-Pixel Density
Izithombe ezinkulu ze-sensor (isb. i-full-frame vs. ama-sensor e-smartphone) ziqoqa ukukhanya okuningi, okuthuthukisa ukujula nokunembile kokuthola isigaba—ikakhulukazi ekukhanyeni okuphansi. Ama-sensor amancane (afana nalawo akuma-smartphone anenani eliphansi) anokukhanya okuncane okusebenzayo, ngakho-ke i-AF ingase ibe slow noma ingathembeki.
I-Pixel density (inombolo ye-pixels nge-square inch) ibalulekile. Ama-sensors anedensity ephezulu (isb., ama-sensors e-smartphone angama-108MP) angaba ne-pixels eziningi zokuthola isigaba, kodwa ukufaka ama-pixels amaningi kakhulu ku-sensor encane kunganciphisa ukuvuma kokukhanya—kudala ukwehluka phakathi kokuxazulula nokusebenza kwe-AF.
5.2 Ikhwalithi yeLens kanye ne-Aperture
I-lens iyinhloso "eyebhodi" ye-camera module, futhi ukuklama kwayo kuthinta ngqo i-AF. I-lens enevuli elibanzi (isb. f/1.4) ivumela ukukhanya okuningi, okwandisa umehluko (ku-CDAF) kanye nephuzu lokuhluka (ku-PDAF). Ziphinde zidalile "ububanzi bokujula" obuncane (indawo yesithombe esigxile kuyo), okwenza kube lula kuhlelo lwe-AF ukuvalela endaweni ethile (isb. ubuso bomuntu uma kuqhathaniswa nesizinda).
Izibuko ezishibhile, ezisezingeni eliphansi zingaba ne “focus breathing” (isithombe sishintsha uma kugxilwa) noma “chromatic aberration” (ukuhlukahluka kwemibala), okungaphazamisa ama-algorithms e-AF futhi kwehlise ukunemba.
5.3 Isivinini se-Processor kanye ne-Algorithms yeSoftware
AF ingeyona kuphela isoftware kodwa futhi iyahambisana ne-hardware. Umph processor wekhamera (isb., i-Apple A17 Pro, i-Qualcomm Snapdragon 8 Gen 3) udinga ukucubungula umehluko wesigaba, ukuhamba, nedatha ye-laser ngesikhathi sangempela. Umph processor osheshayo ungabuyekeza izibalo ze-AF izikhathi ezingaphezu kwengu-60 ngasekudlula kwesekhondi (okubalulekile ekulandeleni izihloko ezihambayo).
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-software nazo zidlala indima. I-AI-powered AF (etholakala kumafoni amasha) isebenzisa ukufunda kwemishini ukuze ibone izihloko (isb. ubuso, izilwane, izimoto) futhi ibeke phambili—ngakho uhlelo aluchithi isikhathi lugxile endaweni engalungile (isb. isihlahla esikhundleni senja). Isibonelo, i-Google’s Pixel 8 Pro isebenzisa “Real Tone AF” ukuze ibone imibala yesikhumba somuntu futhi ibambe ubuso, ngisho nasezithombeni ezinamathuba amaningi.
5.4 Izimo Zokukhanya Kwemvelo
Ukukhanya kuyisithako esibalulekile se-AF. Ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo:
• I-CDAF isebenza kahle (ukuphambuka okuphezulu phakathi kwamaphikseli).
• I-PDAF ikala umehluko wesigaba ngok точно.
• I-LAF ayidingeki kakhulu kodwa isasebenza kahle ezithombeni eziseduze.
Eminyakeni ephansi:
• Ukwehla kokuphikisana, okwenza i-CDAF ihambe kancane.
• Umehluko wesigaba uba nzima ukukala, ngakho i-PDAF ingase ingabi neqiniso.
• I-LAF (noma i-ToF sensor) iba ibalulekile, njengoba ingaxhomeki ekukhanyeni kwemvelo.
6. Iziqondiso Zesikhathi Esizayo Ku-Technology Yokugxila Okuzenzakalelayo
Njengoba ama-module wekhamera eba mancane, eqinile, futhi ehlanganiswe kumadivayisi amaningi (isb. , izing glasses ezihlakaniphile, ama-drone, ama-scanner wezokwelapha), ubuchwepheshe be-AF buyathuthuka ukuze buhlangabezane nezidingo ezintsha. Nansi imiphumela yesayensi okufanele uyibheke:
6.1 AI-Driven Predictive AF
Izinhlelo ze-Future AF zizosebenzisa i-AI ukuze “bike” ukuthi umkhiqizo uzohamba kuphi okulandelayo—esikhundleni sokuphendula kuphela endaweni yawo yamanje. Isibonelo, ikhamera yezemidlalo ingafunda indlela yokuhamba kwebhola lemidlalwano futhi ilungise ukugxila ngaphambi kokuthi ibhola lifike endaweni, iqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukungacacisi. Lokhu kusekelwe kumamodeli okufunda kwemishini aqeqeshwe ezigidini zezakhi ezihambayo, okuvumela uhlelo ukuthi luhlonze izimo zokunyakaza.
6.2 Iziqinisekiso ze-Multi-Laser ToF
Izinhlelo ze-LAF zamanje zisebenzisa i-laser eyodwa, kodwa amamojula alandelayo angase abe nezi-laser eziningi (noma “i-laser array,” ehlanganisa indawo yokubona ebanzi) ukuze ikala ibanga endaweni ebanzi. Lokhu kuzothuthukisa ukunembileka kwe-AF ezihlokweni ezinkulu (isb., iqembu labantu) futhi kwehlise amaphutha ezindaweni ezikhanyayo (ngoba ama-pulse amaningi e-laser akhuphula ithuba lokuba khona kokuboniswa okusebenzisekayo).
6.3 Ultra-Compact PDAF ye-Wearables
Amagilasi akhanyayo namawatch smart anemamojula amancane okukhanya, ngakho abacwaningi bakha izinhlelo "ze-micro-PDAF" ezihambisana nezinsiza ezincane ezingu-milimitha. Lezi zinhlelo zisebenzisa ama-pixels akhanyayo ancishisiwe kanye nezibuko eziguquguqukayo ukuze zifake ukugxila okusheshayo kumadivayisi lapho isikhala sikhulu.
7. Isiphetho: Isayensi Engabonakali Ewenza Izithombe Ezicacile Zibe Ngeke Zibe Ngeke
I-Auto focus ingase ibonakale njenge “magical” feature, kodwa isekelwe ezimisweni eziyisisekelo ze-physics—i-optics, umehluko wesigaba, kanye nesikhathi sokuhamba—kuxutshwe nezobuchwepheshe obuphambili kanye nesofthiwe. Kusukela kumasistimu wokuhlola umehluko kumafoni aphansi kuya kumasethi e-hybrid PDAF/LAF kumakhamera aphezulu, yonke i-AF mechanism iklanyelwe ukusiza inkinga ethile: isivinini, ukunemba, noma ukusebenza kokukhanya okuphansi.
Okwesibili uma uthinta isikrini sefoni yakho ukuze ugxile endabeni ethile, khumbula isayensi esebenzayo: ukukhanya kwehlukaniswa kube ngamashubhu, ama-laser aphenduka phezu kwezindawo, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ziqhathanisa ubude ngezikhathi ezincane—konke ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isithombe sakho sikhanya. Njengoba ama-module wekhamera eqhubeka nokuthuthuka, i-AF izoba faster, enembile, futhi iyakwazi ukujwayela—okwenza kube lula kunanini ngaphambi kokuthola isithombe esifanele, kungakhathaliseki isimo.
Unemibuzo mayelana nokuthi i-auto focus isebenza kanjani kukhamera yakho noma esikhwameni esihlakaniphile? Sazise ezinkulumweni!
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